Systematics of the bony fish

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The following system of recent bony fish (Osteichthyes) is one of numerous existing models for classifying the more than 30,000 currently known bony fish species that live on earth today. It essentially follows a current revision of the bony fish system, which was published in April 2013 and updated in November 2013, July 2014, 2016 and July 2017 (Betancur-R. Et al., 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017; DeepFin. org).

This revision is the result of the comparison of the DNA sequences of 21 genetic markers (one of the mitochondrial DNA and 20 of the cell nucleus DNA) of 1410 bony fish species from 1093 genera, 369 families and all traditional orders. In contrast to all previous systematics, the problematic groups of Percomorpha (perch relatives) and Perciformes (perch-like) become monophyletic taxa. The Percomorpha can be divided into eight well-founded taxa above the hierarchy. The order of the Perciformes, previously a polyphyletic one Collective group of over 10,000 species, over 1500 genera, 160 families and 20 suborders of perch-like fish ("wastebag" taxon), becomes a monophyletic order for the first time.

The bony fish are divided into two easily distinguishable groups, the meat fins (Sarcopterygii), of which there are only eight recent species, but from which the terrestrial vertebrates (Tetrapoda) emerged, and the ray fins (Actinopterygii), of which over 95% of the fish species living today. Extinct groups have not yet been taken into account in this system.

Meat finisher (Sarcopterygii)

Phylogenetic systematics of the basal bony fish
  Bony fish  
  Sarcopterygii  
  Actinistia  

 Quastenflosser  (Coelacanthiformes)


   

 Lungfish (Ceratodontiformes)


   

 Tetrapodomorpha → Land vertebrates (Tetrapoda)




  Actinopterygii  
  Cladistia  

 Flösselhechte  (Polypteriformes)


  Actinopteri  
  Chondrostei  

 Sturgeon  (Acipenseriformes)


  Neopterygii  
  Holostey  

 Bonefish  (Lepisosteiformes)


   

 Archfin  (Amiiformes)



   

 Real bony fish (Teleostei) 






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Ray fins (Actinopterygii)

Phylogeny of Teleostei
  Teleostei  

 Elopomorpha ( tarpon-like , bone-fish , thorn -back eel , eel-like )


   

 Osteoglossomorpha (Osteoglossomorpha) ( bony tongues , mormyrids u. A.)


  Clupeocephala  
  Otomorpha  
  Clupei  

 Herring-like (Clupeiformes)


   
  Alepocephali  

 Alepocephaliformes


  Ostariophysi  
  Anotophysa  

 Sandfish (Gonorynchiformes)


  Otophysa  
  Cypriniphysae  

 Carp-like (Cypriniformes)


   
  Characiphysae  

 Tetras (Characiformes)


  Siluriphysae  

 New World Knifefish (Gymnotiformes)


   

 Catfish (Siluriformes)








  Euteleosteomorpha  

 Lepidogalaxias salamandroides


   


 Pike-like (Esociformes)


   

 Salmonid fish  (Salmoniformes)



   


 Golden salmon (Argentiniformes)


   

 Galaxies (Galaxiiformes)


  Stomiati  

 Smelt-like (Osmeriformes)


   

 Maulstachler (Stomiiformes)





   

 Neoteleostei








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Phylogeny of Neoteleostei
  Neoteleostei  

 Lizardfish relatives (Aulopiformes)


   

 Deep- sea tadpoles (Ateleopodiformes)


   

 Lanternfish (Myctophiformes)


  Acanthomorphata 

  Polymixiipterygii  

 Bearded fish (Polymixiiformes)


  Paracanthopterygii  
  Percopsaria  

 Percopsiformes (Percopsiformes)


  Zeiogadaria  
  Zeiariae  

 Petersfisch (Zeiformes)


  Gadariae  

 Stylephorus chordatus (Stylephoriformes)


   

 Cod-like (Gadiformes)






   
  Lampripterygii  

 Lampriformes (Lampriformes)


  Spinefish  


 Mucous heads (Beryciformes)


   

 Trachichthyiformes



   

 Soldier fish and hussar fish (Holocentriformes)


   

 Perch relatives (Percomorpha)









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Phylogeny of the perch relatives
  Perch relatives  
  Ophidiaria  

 Viscera (Ophidiiformes)


   
  Batrachoidaria  

 Frogfish-like (Batrachoidiformes)


   
  Gobiaria  

 Gobies (Gobiiformes)


   

 Kurtiformes



   

  Syngnatharia  

 Pipefish (Syngnathiformes)


  Pelagiaria  

 Scombriformes



   

  Anabantaria  

 Gill slit eels (Synbranchiformes)


   

 Anabantiformes



   

 Carangaria



   

 Ovalentaria ( earfish relatives ,
 cichlids , mullets ,
 mucous fish- like etc.)


  Eupercaria 

 Perch-like (Perciformes)


   


 Pempheriformes


   

 Mojarras (Gerreiformes)


   

 Uranoscopiformes


   

 Wrasse (Labriformes)





   

 Centrarchiformes


   

 Sea bass (Moronidae)


   

 Surgeonfish (Acanthuriformes), armfinches (Lophiiformes), pufferfish relatives (Tetraodontiformes) and others












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literature

  • Ricardo Betancur-R, Edward O. Wiley, Gloria Arratia, Arturo Acero, Nicolas Bailly, Masaki Miya, Guillaume Lecointre and Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC series - July 2017, DOI: 10.1186 / s12862-017-0958-3
  • Richard E. Broughton, Ricardo Betancur-R., Chenhong Li, Gloria Arratia, Guillermo Ortí: Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis reveals the pattern and tempo of bony fish evolution. Edition 1. PLOS Currents Tree of Life, April 16, 2013. doi: 10.1371 / currents.tol.2ca8041495ffafd0c92756e75247483e ( full text PDF ).
  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • EO Wiley & G. David Johnson: A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. in Joseph S. Nelson, Hans-Peter Schultze & Mark VH Wilson: Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. 2010, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, ISBN 978-3-89937-107-9 .

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