Livebearers Brotulas
| Livebearers Brotulas | ||||||||||||
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| Bythitidae | ||||||||||||
| Gill , 1861 |
The livebearers Brotulas (Bythitidae) are a family of bony fish (Osteichthyes) from the order of the intestinal fish-like (Ophidiiformes) that occur in all oceans .
features
The livebearers Brotulas reach standard lengths of 3 to 88 centimeters. Like all gut fish-like, they are elongated. The number of vertebrae is 33 to 117, of which 10 to 50 are trunk vertebrae and 24 to 91 are tail vertebrae. The dorsal, caudal and anal fins are usually fused together to form a continuous fin edge. The caudal fin is rarely free. The first fin support of the anal fin is not elongated. The fish have up to 35 extended gill rakes . However, they can also be absent. The males have a penis-like copulation organ for internal fertilization, which is located in a fleshy hump in front of the anal fin. There are no bony pseudoclases.
- Fin formula : dorsal 47–192, anal 31–137, pectoral 9–32, ventral 0–1.
Internal system
After the spin-off of the Dinematichthyini tribe as an independent family ( Dinematichthyidae ) in April 2016 and the integration of the pedomorphic Aphyonidae into the Bythitidae, 33 genera with over 115 species still belong to the viviparous Brotulas today.
- Genus Acarobythites Machida, 2000
- Acarobythites larsonae Machida, 2000
- Genus Anacanthobythites Anderson, 2008
- Anacanthobythites platycephalus Anderson, 2008
- Anacanthobythites tasmaninensis Anderson, 2008
- Genus Aphyonus
- Aphyonus bolini Nielsen, 1974
- Aphyonus brevidorsalis Nielsen, 1969
- Aphyonus gelatinosus Günther, 1878
- Aphyonus rassi Nielsen, 1975
- Genus Barathronus
- Barathronus affinis brewer , 1906
- Barathronus algrahami Nielsen et al., 2019
- Barathronus bicolor Goode & Bean , 1886
- Barathronus bruuni Nielsen, 1969
- Barathronus diaphanus Brauer, 1906
- Barathronus linsi Nielsen et al., 2015
- Barathronus maculatus Shcherbachev, 1976
- Barathronus multidens Nielsen, 1984
- Barathronus pacificus Nielsen & Eagle, 1974
- Barathronus parfaiti ( Vaillant , 1888)
- Barathronus unicolor Nielsen, 1984
- Genus Bellottia Giglioli, 1883
- Bellottia apoda Giglioli, 1883
- Bellottia armiger (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913)
- Bellottia galatheae Nielsen & Møller, 2008
- Bellottia robusta Nielsen & Møller, 2008
- Genus Bidenichthys Barnard, 1934
- Bidenichthys beeblebroxi Paulin, 1995
- Bidenichthys capensis Barnard, 1934
- Bidenichthys consobrinus (Hutton, 1876)
- Bidenichthys paxtoni (Nielsen & Cohen, 1986)
- Bidenichthys slartibartfasti (Paulin, 1995)
- Genus Brosmodorsalis Paulin & Roberts, 1989
- Brosmodorsalis persicinus Paulin & Roberts, 1989
- Genus Brosmophyciops Schultz, 1960
- Brosmophyciops pautzkei Schultz, 1960
- Genus Brosmophycis Gill, 1861
- Brosmophycis marginata ( Ayres , 1854)
- Genus Bythites Reinhardt, 1835
- Bythites fuscus (Fowler, 1946)
- Bythites gerdae Nielsen & Cohen, 1973
- Bythites islandicus Nielsen & Cohen, 1973
- Genus Calamopteryx Böhlke & Cohen, 1966
- Calamopteryx goslinei Böhlke & Cohen, 1966
- Calamopteryx jeb Cohen, 1973
- Calamopteryx robinsorum Cohen, 1973
- Genus Cataetyx Günther, 1887
- Cataetyx alleni (Byrne, 1906)
- Cataetyx bruuni (Nielsen & Nybelin, 1963)
- Cataetyx chthamalorhynchus Cohen, 1981
- Cataetyx hawaiiensis Gosline, 1954
- Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed, 1927
- Cataetyx lepidogenys (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913)
- Cataetyx messieri (Günther, 1878)
- Cataetyx nielseni Balushkin & Prokofiev, 2005
- Cataetyx niki Cohen, 1981
- Cataetyx platyrhynchus Machida, 1984
- Cataetyx rubrirostris Gilbert, 1890
- Cataetyx simus (Alcock, 1892)
- Genus Diplacanthopoma Günther, 1887
- Diplacanthopoma alcockii Goode & Bean, 1896
- Diplacanthopoma brachysoma Günther , 1887
- Diplacanthopoma brunnea Smith & Radcliffe, 1913
- Diplacanthopoma japonicus ( Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887)
- Diplacanthopoma jordani Garman , 1899
- Diplacanthopoma kreffti Cohen & Nielsen, 2002
- Diplacanthopoma nigripinnis Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924
- Diplacanthopoma raniceps Alcock , 1898
- Diplacanthopoma riversandersoni Alcock, 1895
- Genus Ematops Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011
- Ematops randalli Cohen & Wourms 1976
- Genus Grammonus Gill, 1896
- Grammonus ater ( Risso , 1810)
- Grammonus claudei (de la Torre y Huerta, 1930)
- Grammonus diagrammus (Heller & Snodgrass, 1903)
- Grammonus longhursti (Cohen, 1964)
- Grammonus opisthodon (Smith, 1934)
- Grammonus robustus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913
- Grammonus thielei Nielsen & Cohen, 2004
- Grammonus waikiki (Cohen, 1964)
- Genus Hastatobythites Machida, 1997
- Hastatobythites arafurensis Machida, 1997
- Genus Hephthocara Alcock, 1892
- Hephthocara crassiceps Smith & Radcliffe, 1913
- Hephthocara simum Alcock, 1892
- Genus Lucifuga Poey, 1858
- Lucifuga dentata Poey , 1858
- Lucifuga inopinata Cohen & McCosker, 1998
- Lucifuga lucayana Møller, Schwarzhans, Iliffe & Nielsen, 2006
- Lucifuga simile Nalbant, 1981
- Lucifuga spelaeotes Cohen & Robins, 1970
- Lucifuga subterranea Poey, 1858
- Lucifuga teresinarum Díaz Pérez, 1988
- Genus Melodichthys Nielsen & Cohen, 1986
- Melodichthys hadrocephalus Nielsen & Cohen, 1986
- Genus Meteoria
- Meteoria erythrops Nielsen, 1969
- Meteoria longidorsalis Nielsen, 2016
- Genus Microbrotula Gosline, 1953
- Microbrotula andersoni Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011
- Microbrotula bentleyi Anderson, 2005
- Microbrotula greenfieldi Anderson, 2005
- Microbrotula hamata Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011
- Microbrotula punicea Anderson, 2007
- Microbrotula queenslandica Anderson, 2005
- Microbrotula rubra Gosline, 1953
- Genus Nybelinella
- Nybelinella brevianalis Nielsen, 2017
- Nybelinella brevidorsalis Shcherbachev, 1976
- Nybelinella erikssoni (Nybelin, 1957)
- Genus Parasaccogaster Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Cohen, 2012
- Parasaccogaster melanomycter Cohen, 1981
- Parasaccogaster normae Cohen & Nielsen, 1972
- Parasaccogaster rhamphidognatha Cohen, 1987
- Genus Parasciadonus
- Parasciadonus brevibrachium Nielsen, 1984
- Parasciadonus pauciradiatus Nielsen, 1997
- Genus Petrotyx
- Petrotyx hopkinsi Heller & Snodgrass, 1903
- Petrotyx sanguineus (Meek & Hildebrand, 1928)
- Genus Pseudonus Garman, 1899
- Pseudonus acutus Garman, 1899
- Pseudonus squamiceps (Lloyd, 1907)
- Genus Saccogaster Alcock, 1889
- Saccogaster brayae Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Cohen, 2012
- Saccogaster hawaii Cohen & Nielsen, 1972
- Saccogaster horrida Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Cohen, 2012
- Saccogaster maculata Alcock, 1889
- Saccogaster nikoliviae Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Cohen, 2012
- Saccogaster parva Cohen & Nielsen, 1972
- Saccogaster staigeri Cohen & Nielsen, 1972
- Saccogaster tuberculata (Chan, 1966)
- Genus Sciadonus
Sciadonus cryptophthalmus , drawing by Erich Zugmayer- Sciadonus cryptophthalmus (Zugmayer, 1911)
- Sciadonus galatheae (Nielsen, 1969)
- Sciadonus jonassoni (Nybelin, 1957)
- Sciadonus longiventralis Nielsen, 2018
- Sciadonus pedicellaris Garman , 1899
- Sciadonus robinsi Nielsen, 2018
- Genus Stygnobrotula Böhlke, 1957
- Stygnobrotula latebricola Böhlke, 1957
- Genus Thermichthys Nielsen & Cohen 2005
- Thermichthys hollisi (Cohen, Rosenblatt & Moser, 1990)
- Genus Timorichthys Nielsen & Schwarzhans, 2011
- Timorichthys angustus Nielsen et al., 2013
- Timorichthys disjunctus Nielsen & Schwarzhans, 2011
- Genus Tuamotuichthys Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen 2004
- Tuamotuichthys bispinosus Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2003
- Tuamotuichthys marshallensis Nielsen, Schwarzhans, Møller & Randall, 2006
- Tuamotuichthys schwarzhansi Nielsen & Møller, 2008
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literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ et al. 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Peter Rask Møller, Steen Wilhelm Knudsen, Werner Schwarzhans, Jørgen G. Nielsen: A new classification of viviparous brotulas (Bythitidae) - with the establishment of a new family Dinematichthyidae - based on molecular, morphological and fossil data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, April 2016, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2016.04.008
Web links
Commons : Livebearers Brotulas (Bythitidae) - Collection of images, videos and audio files
- Livebearers Brotulas on Fishbase.org (English)