Gut fishy

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Gut fishy
Spectrunculus grandis

Spectrunculus grandis

Systematics
Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha
Sub-cohort : Neoteleostei
Acanthomorphata
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Order : Gut fishy
Scientific name
Ophidiiformes
Berg , 1937

The intestinal fish-like (Ophidiiformes) are an order of the real bony fish (Teleostei). They live worldwide in all oceans, mostly at great depths. A dead specimen of Abyssobrotula galatheae was found in the Puerto Rico Trench at a depth of 8,370 meters. Five species occur in brackish and fresh water.

features

Guts fish-like become 2.2 centimeters to two meters long. They are elongated, laterally flattened fish that often have the shape of a letter opener and taper more and more from front to back. In most cases they have a continuous fin border made up of dorsal, caudal and anal fin. In some species the caudal fin is also separate. It is then rounded, never forked. The fin carriers (pterygiophores) of the dorsal and anal fin are more numerous than the adjacent vertebrae. The pelvic fins , if present, start at the level of the gill cover or further forward and consist of only one or two fin rays , sometimes with a fin spine. On each side of the head, above the upper lip, there are two outer nostrils. Your swim bladder is supported by the first or the first two pairs of ribs , which are widened for this purpose. Their statoliths (ear stones) are very large.

Some of their species live as parasites or commensals (not yet scientifically clarified exactly) in sea ​​cucumbers , mussels or sea ​​squirts ( entökie ).

External system

The gut fish-like were traditionally classified in the parentage of the Paracanthopterygii . Today, however, this is considered paraphyletic (to the extent it was then) . According to molecular biological studies, although the fish are stingless soft-fins, the order belongs to the barbed- fins as the most original member of the perch relatives .

Internal system

There are two suborders, five families, over 100 genera and over 500 species.

Subordination Bythitoidei

The species from the suborder Bythitoidei are viviparous, the males have a reproductive organ for internal fertilization. In most species, the outer nostrils are located just above the upper lip. The caudal fin can grow together with the dorsal and anal fin to form a fin border or be separate.

Suborder Ophidioidei

The species from the subordination lay eggs, so the males have no special mating organ. In most species, the outer nostrils are well above the upper lip. The caudal fin has grown together with the dorsal and anal fin to form a fin edge.

Tribal history

Extinct visceral fish species have been found in fossils from the Paleocene , the Eocene and the Oligocene .

literature

  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • Jørgen G. Nielsen; Cohen, DM; Markle, DF; Robins, CR: FAO species catalog. Volume 18. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalog of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, vol. 18. Rome, FAO. 1999 PDF
  • Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossils Atlas Fish , Mergus-Verlag, Melle, 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Abyssobrotula galatheae on Fishbase.org (English)
  2. ↑ Masaki Miya et al .: Major patterns of higher teleostean phylogenies: a new perspective based on 100 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26 (2003) 121-138, doi : 10.1016 / S1055-7903 (02) 00332-9
  3. ↑ Peter Rask Møller, Steen Wilhelm Knudsen, Werner Schwarzhans, Jørgen G. Nielsen: A new classification of viviparous brotulas (Bythitidae) - with the establishment of a new family Dinematichthyidae - based on molecular, morphological and fossil data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, April 2016, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2016.04.008

Web links

Commons : Guts  - collection of images, videos, and audio files