Beard man

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Beard man
Spectrunculus grandis

Spectrunculus grandis

Systematics
Acanthomorphata
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Order : Viscera (Ophidiiformes)
Subordination : Ophidioidei
Family : Beard man
Scientific name
Ophidiidae
Rafinesque , 1810

The bearded men (Ophidiidae, Greek : "ophis" = snake, German snake fish ) are a family of real bony fish that occur in all oceans, from shelf and reef areas to deep-sea trenches . A dead specimen of Abyssobrotula galatheae was found in the Puerto Rico Trench at a depth of 8,370 meters. Holcomycteronus profundissimus lives at depths of 5600 to 7160 meters.

features

Bearded men are scaly and grow 7 centimeters to 1.90 meters long. The rays of the dorsal fin are usually the same length as or longer than those of the anal fin opposite . The anus and the beginning of the anal fin are usually behind the end of the pectoral fin . In a few species the pelvic fins are missing. Some species have one or more spines on the gill cover . The swim bladder is built differently and can also diverge between the sexes.

There are viviparous and ovoviviparous types. Males have a mating organ and transmit spermatophores .

Systematics

There are four subfamilies, 49 genera and about 250 species. Only three of the subfamilies are monophyletic and are presented in separate articles. The genera and species of the non-monophyletic subfamily Neobythitinae are listed below.

Tribal history

Bearded men are fossilized from the Paleocene ( Ophidion ), the Eocene ( Ampheristus , Eolamprogrammus , Hoplobrotula ) and the Oligocene ( Propteridium ) known. Fossils have been found in Iran, Turkmenistan, Great Britain, and the northern Italian Monte Bolca Formation.

literature

  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons , 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
  • Kurt Fiedler: Fish (= textbook of special zoology. Vol. 2: Vertebrates. Part. 2). Gustav Fischer, Jena 1991, ISBN 3-334-00338-8 .
  • Nielsen, JG; Cohen, DM; Markle, DF; Robins, CR: Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalog of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. No. 125, vol. 18. Rome, FAO. 1999. PDF

Individual evidence

  1. Nielsen, JG, Møller, PR, Jespersen, Å., 2010. Reassignment of the genus Thalassobathia from Bythitidae to Ophidiidae (Teleostei, Ophidiiformes) based on the first reported males. Cybium 34, 224-226
  2. ^ Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas Fish , Mergus-Verlag, Melle, 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X

Web links

Commons : Bearded Man  - Collection of images, videos and audio files