Cod

Cod
	Cod ( Gadus morhua )
Systematics
Sub-cohort :	Neoteleostei
	Acanthomorphata
	Paracanthopterygii
Order :	Cod-like (Gadiformes)
Subordination :	Gadoidei
Family :	Cod
Scientific name
	Gadidae
	Rafinesque , 1810

The cod (Gadidae) are a family of bony fish belonging to the order of the cod-like (Gadiformes). They include many important edible fish . Most species are found circumpolar and in moderately warm waters in the northern hemisphere. Most species prefer to be near the bottom and feed on fish and invertebrates . Several species form schools .

features

Fish from the cod family grow to a length of 15 centimeters to two meters. The largest gadid is the up to 2 m long cod ( Gadus morhua ). The cod body is spindle-shaped and elongated with three dorsal and two anal fins. Your pectoral fins are low on the belly side. The caudal fin is separate from the dorsal and anal fin and ends straight or is slightly indented. The head and trunk are covered with cycloid scales. The swim bladder has paired bulges at its front end. A goatee sits on the lower jaw . There are no visible drops of oil in the eggs to store fat .

Way of life

Adult cod are almost always benthic (near the seabed), while juvenile fish are pelagic . Many are predatory fish, e.g. B. Cod , coalfish and Pacific pollack . Haddock fish eat soil organisms, the polar cod feed on plankton.

Systematics

As the skeleton shows, the cod have no real caudal fin (with the characteristic caudal skeleton), but the caudal fin is formed by a dorsal and anal fin that have migrated to the end of the body. They probably descend from tail-finless forms such as the Macrouridae .

Haddock

Charcoal burner

French cod

Cod family (Gadidae) (12 genera, 21–23 species)
- Tribus Gadini
  - Genus Microgadus Gill, 1865
    
    Atlantic tomcod ( Microgadus tomcod ) Walbaum, 1792
    
    Pacific tomcod ( Microgadus proximus ) Girard, 1854

The tadpoles (Lotidae), listed by Nelson as a subfamily of the Gadidae, are now considered an independent family, the frog cod ( Raniceps raninus ), which belongs to the cod at Fishbase , is far removed from the cod in various phylogenetic studies and then also becomes an independent family , monotypical family, the Ranicipitidae.

literature

Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish . Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6

Web links

Commons : Dorsche - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Cod on Fishbase.org (English)

Individual evidence

↑ 12 genera including Theragra ; this is no longer listed because the Pacific Pollack was assigned to the genus Gadus .

↑ WF Eschmeyer (2012): Gadus chalcogrammus ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. @1@ 2

↑ Lotidae - Hakes and burbots on Fishbase.org (English)

↑ DeepFin.org: Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Based mostly on Molecular Data - version 3 ( Memento of the original from August 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Jul 30, 2014) @1@ 2

↑ Hiromitsu Endo: Phylogeny of the Order Gadiformes (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii). Mem Grad Sch Fish Sci Hokkaido Univ. Vol.49, No.2, pages 75-149 (2002) ISSN 1346-3306

↑ Adela Roa-Varón, Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic relationships among families of Gadiformes (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (2009) 688-704, doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2009.03.020

[1] 12 genera including Theragra ; this is no longer listed because the Pacific Pollack was assigned to the genus Gadus .