Cross catfish

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Cross catfish
Bagre marinus

Bagre marinus

Systematics
Overcohort : Clupeocephala
Cohort : Otomorpha
Sub-cohort : Ostariophysi
Otophysa
Order : Catfish (Siluriformes)
Family : Cross catfish
Scientific name
Ariidae
Bleeker , 1862

The ariidae (Ariidae), and sea catfish or mouthbrooders catfish called life with over 150 species in 15 genera individually or subtropical in shoals on the coasts and tropical seas. They get their name from a cross-shaped bone plate on their skull. The best-known species is the West American catfish , which can grow to be 35 - 45 cm in size , a brackish water fish that is often available as a so-called "mini shark" in pet shops.

distribution

Cross catfish occur close to the coast, especially in the sea. in the western Atlantic the distribution area extends from Cape Cod almost to the Strait of Magellan , in the east from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Cape of Good Hope . They also inhabit the coasts of the Indian Ocean , the Red Sea and the western Pacific from the coast of Queensland , across the Malay Archipelago to Taiwan . In the eastern Pacific, its range only extends from the coast of Peru to the Baja California peninsula .

Many species are also found in brackish and fresh water, a few only live in fresh water. Three quarters of the species, mainly from the genus Arius, live in the Indo-Pacific and on the coasts of Australia. A quarter of the species live in the western Atlantic .

features

The animals are 15 centimeters to 1.50 meters long. They are slender, sometimes high back, and have no scales. Above they are usually gray-blue or brownish, below whitish. The head and mouth are flattened and rounded. The head is protected by a bone shield, which in some species can be seen through the thin skin. Bone shields are also found at the beginning of the dorsal fin. The teeth in the jaws and on the roof of the mouth are small and conical. Sometimes molars are present. Usually they have 3 pairs, rarely 2 pairs of barbels , but they can also be completely absent. Nasal barbels are always absent.

The dorsal fin and pectoral fin have a serrated spine that carries a poison gland. Injuries are said to have been fatal. The anal fin has 14 to 40 soft rays. The caudal fin is deeply forked. An adipose fin is present, the sideline complete.

Way of life

Cross catfish live individually or in flocks. They are mouthbrooders . The male carries the few, large eggs around in his mouth until the young fish hatch.

Systematics

Simplified cladogram of the cross catfish according to Ricardo Betancur-R
  Superfamily Arioidea  

 Anchariidae


  Cross catfish  

 Galeichthyinae (Southern Africa and Peru)


  Ariinae  


 Bagre


   

 Notary


   

 Cathorops




   



 Occidentarius


   

 Genidens



   


 Potamarius


   

 Ariopsis



   

 Sciades




   

 Old World catfish (all other genera)






Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style

The cross catfish can be divided into three subfamilies, two of which are monotypical , i.e. consist of only one genus. In the third, the species-rich subfamily Ariinae, the genera and species of the New World and those of the Old World form two monophyletic clades. In the latter, three Indo-Pacific clades (genera Brustiarius , Netuma and Plicofollis ), a West African ( Carlarius ), an Indian-Southeast Asian and an Australasian clade can be distinguished. Sister group of the cross catfish are the Malagasy Anchariidae with which they form the superfamily Arioidea.

Cladogram of the Old World catfish after Ricardo Betancur-R
  Old world cross catfish  

 Netuma (Indo-Pacific)


   

 Carlarius (West Africa)


   


 Indian-Southeast Asian clade


   

 Plicofollis (Indo-Pacific)


   

 Brustiarius (Indo-Pacific)


   

 Australasian clade







Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style

literature

  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
  • Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish . Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6
  • Arturo Acero P., & Ricardo Betancur-R .: Monophyly, affinities, and subfamilial clades of sea catfishes (Siluriformes: Ariidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 18, No. 2, pages 133-143, June 2007, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, ISSN  0936-9902 PDF

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Ricardo Betancur-R: Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of ariid catfishes revisited: a comprehensive sampling. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9: 175 doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-9-175
  2. ↑ Marceniuk, AP, Marchena, J., Oliveira, C. & Betancur-R., R. (2019): Chinchaysuyoa , a new genus of the fish family Ariidae (Siluriformes), with a redescription of Chinchaysuyoa labiata from Ecuador and a new species description from Peru. Zootaxa, 4551 (3): 361-378.

Web links

Commons : Catfish  - Collection of images, videos and audio files