God salmon

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God salmon
God salmon

God salmon

Systematics
Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha
Sub-cohort : Neoteleostei
Acanthomorphata
Order : Lampriformes (Lampriformes)
Family : Lampridae
Genre : God salmon
Scientific name of the  family
Lampridae
Gill , 1862
Scientific name of the  genus
Lampris
Retzius , 1799

The God Salmon ( Lampris ( Gr . "Lampros" = clear)), and sunfish (not to be confused with the unrelated family Molidae ) or Opah called a six species genus are pelagic marine living fish from the order of gloss Fishy (Lampriformes ). Lampris is the only recent genus in the Lampridae family.

features

Divine salmon grow up to 1.80 meters long. Their high-backed body is oval, strongly flattened on the sides and covered by very small round scales. The dorsal and anal fins are long, the sickle-shaped, highly elastic pectoral fins are the main drive organ. They are wing-like and start in a horizontal hinge joint. They are moved by two strong, antagonistic red muscles that attach to the broad coracoid . The shoulder girdle is extremely strong and reaches a third of the body volume. The volume of other fish is only 1/30 to 1/140. The front section of the sideline runs in a high arc over the pectoral fin. The mouth is strongly protruding (protractile). Divine salmon have 43 to 46 vertebrae. They are shiny gold or purple in color, the back is blue or blue-green, the fins are red.

Dorsal fin formula 48-56; Anal 33–41, ventral 15–17.

In 2015 it was revealed that Lampris guttatus can keep its blood temperature five degrees above that of the surrounding water by generating heat with the movements of its pectoral fins, which is distributed throughout its body; the structure of its gills , which differs from that of other fish groups, reduces the heat exchange taking place there according to the countercurrent principle . Permanent endothermia with heating not only of individual body areas was previously unknown in fish.

Way of life

Divine salmon live solitary in the open water and feed on squids , pelagic crabs, pteropods and small fish. It is believed that Lampris is well camouflaged due to its coloration, can drift along in schools of fish or other animal species, and that the highly developed mouth system suddenly sucks in prey. On the other hand, its body temperature, which is higher than that of competitors for food or prey, is likely to represent a competitive advantage in active hunting.

species

Internal systematics of the divine salmon according to Underkoffler et al. 2018
 Lampris  

 Lampris immaculatus


   

 Lampris Lauta


   

 Lampris guttatus


   

 Lampris megalopsis


   

 Lampris australensis


   

 Lampris incognitus







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There are six valid types:

In addition to the recent species, a large fossil god salmon from the late Oligocene of New Zealand has also been described. Megalampris keyesi is classified in its own genus and, at four meters, was about twice as long as Lampris guttatus .

use

God salmon are not specifically fished, but are valued as by-catch because their fatty, red meat is very tasty.

literature

  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish . Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6 .
  • Bent J. Muus, Jørgen G. Nielsen: The marine fish of Europe in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Atlantic. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-440-07804-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Nicholas C. Wegner, Owyn E. Snodgrass, Heidi Dewar, John R. Hyde: Whole-body endothermy in a mesopelagic fish, the opah, Lampris guttatus. Science 348 (6236): 786-789, 2015. doi : 10.1126 / science.aaa8902
  2. ↑ a b Spiegel Online from May 14, 2015: Deep-sea turbo: Researchers discover warm-blooded fish
  3. ↑ a b Karen E. Underkoffler, Meagan A. Luers, John R. Hyde, Matthew T. Craig: A taxonomic review of Lampris guttatus (Brünnich 1788) Lampridiformes; Lampridae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4413 (3), 2018: 531-540. doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4413.3.9
  4. ^ Gottfried, Fordyce & Rust: Megalampris keyesi, a giant moonfish (Teleostei, Lampridiformes) from the Late Oligocene of New Zealand. In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26, No. 3, 2006, pp. 544-551, doi : 10.1671 / 0272-4634 (2006) 26 [544: MKAGMT] 2.0.CO; 2 .

Web links

Commons : Lampris  - collection of images, videos and audio files