Whitefish
| Whitefish | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rudd ( Scardinius erythrophthalmus ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Leuciscidae | ||||||||||||
| Bonaparte , 1838 |
The white fish (Leuciscidae) are a family from the order of the carp-like (Cypriniformes). The freshwater fish live in North America , Europe and Asia with the exception of the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia .
Native species are Aland , bream , roach , bream , hazel , nose , rutilus meidingerii , roach , rudd , Schneider , bleak , Pickerel and Zope and chub and asp , the only predatory species.
features
Most whitefish have an elongated or high-backed body shape. The dorsal fin is short and the first ray is often not ossified. The anal fin always begins behind the dorsal fin. Most species do not have barbels . The sideline can be complete or reduced, a complete line always runs along the center of the caudal stalk . Some genera have a sharp abdominal keel formed from protruding scales. White fish have one to three rows of fangs .
Systematics
The whitefish were introduced as a taxon in 1838 by the Italian zoologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte . For a long time they were considered a subfamily of the carp fish (Cyprinidae). Stout and colleagues raised all subfamilies of the Cyprinidae to family status in 2016. Susana Schönhuth and colleagues took on this in their comprehensive revision of the whitefish published in June 2018, and the scientific fish database Catalog of Fishes now lists the whitefish and the other former subfamilies of the Cyprinidae as independent families.
Six different monophyletic subfamilies can be distinguished within the whitefish :
- Subfamily Pseudaspininae (Bogustkaya, 1990), East Asia
- Oreoleuciscus Warpachowski, 1889.
- Pseudaspius Dybowski, 1869
- Rhynchocypris Günther, 1889
- Tribolodon Sauvage, 1883.
- Subfamily Laviniinae (Bleeker, 1863), Western clade (WC)
- Acrocheilus Agassiz, 1855.
- Chrosomus Rafinesque, 1820
- Eremichthys Hubbs & Miller, 1948.
- Gila Baird & Girard, 1853.
- Hesperoleucus Snyder, 1913.
- Lavinia Girard, 1854.
- Moapa Hubbs & Miller, 1948.
- Mylopharodon Ayres, 1855.
- Orthodon Girard, 1856.
- Ptychocheilus Agassiz, 1855.
- Relictus Hubbs & Miller, 1972.
- Siphateles Cope, 1883
- Subfamily Plagopterinae (Cope, 1870) (CCP), North America
- Couesius Jordan, 1878.
- Hemitremia Cope, 1870.
- Lepidomeda Cope, 1874, incl. Snyderichthys Miller, 1945.
- Margariscus Cockerell, 1909.
- Meda Girard, 1856.
- Plagopterus Cope, 1874.
- Semotilus Rafinesque, 1820.
- Subfamily Leuciscinae (Bonaparte, 1835), clade of the Old World
Bleak ( Alburnus alburnus )
Güster ( Blicca bjoerkna )
Aland ( Leuciscus idus )
Chub ( Squalius cephalus )
Vimba ( Vimba vimba )- Abramis Cuvier, 1816.
- Acanthobrama Heckel, 1843.
- Achondrostoma Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat, 2005.
- Alburnoides Jeitteles, 1861.
- Alburnus Rafinesque, 1820.
- Anaecypris Collares-Pereira, 1983.
- Aspius Agassiz, 1832.
- Ballerus Heckel, 1843.
- Güster ( Blicca Heckel, 1843)
- Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832.
- Ladigesocypris Karaman 1972.
- Leucaspius Heckel & Kner 1858.
- Leuciscus Cuvier, 1816.
- Notemigonus Rafinesque, 1819.
- Pachychilon Steindachner, 1882.
- Pelasgus Kottelat & Freyhof 2007.
- Goat ( Pelecus Agassiz, 1835)
- Petroleuciscus Bogutskaya 2002
- Protochondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007.
- Pseudophoxinus Bleeker, 1860.
- Rutilus Rafinesque, 1820.
- Sarmarutilus Bianco & Ketmaier, 2014.
- Scardinius Bonaparte, 1837.
- Squalius Bonaparte, 1837.
- Telestes Bonaparte, 1837.
- Vimba Fitzinger, 1873.
- Subfamily Phoxininae (Bleeker, 1863)
Minnow ( Phoxinus phoxinus ) - Subfamily Pogonichthyinae (Girard, 1858), North America
- Agosia Girard, 1856.
- Algansea Girard, 1856th
- Aztecula Jordan & Evermann, 1898.
- Campostoma Agassiz, 1855.
- Clinostomus Girard, 1856.
- Codoma Girard, 1856.
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Cyprinella Girard, 1856.
- Cyprinella alvarezdelvillari Contreras-Balderas & Lourdes Lozano, 1994
- Dionda Girard, 1856.
- Erimonax Jordan, 1924.
- Erimystax Jordan, 1882.
- Exoglossum Rafinesque, 1818.
- Hybognathus Agassiz, 1855.
- Hybopsis Agassiz, 1854.
- Iotichthys Jordan & Evermann, 1896.
- Luxilus Rafinesque, 1820.
- Lythrurus Jordan, 1876.
- Macrhybopsis Cockerell & Allison, 1909.
- Mylocheilus Agassiz, 1855.
- Nocomis Girard, 1856.
- Notropis Rafinesque, 1818th
- Opsopoeodus Hay, 1881.
- Oregonichthys Hubbs in Schultz, 1929.
- Phenacobius Cope, 1867.
- Pimephales Rafinesque, 1820.
- Platygobio Gill, 1863.
- Pogonichthys Girard, 1854.
- Pteronotropis Fowler, 1935.
- Richardsonius Girard, 1856.
- Rhinichthys Agassiz, 1849
- Tampichthys Schönhuth, Doadrio, Dominguez-Dominguez, Hillis & Mayden, 2008.
- Yuriria Jordan & Evermann, 1896.
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literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Günther Sterba : The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4
supporting documents
- ↑ Richard van der Laan, William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke: Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa 3882 (2): 001-230 doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3882.1.1
- ↑ Stout, CC, Tan, M., Lemmon, AR, Moriarty Lemmon, E. & Armbruster, JW (2016): Resolving Cypriniformes relationships using an anchored enrichment approach. BMC Evolutionary Biology, November 2016. DOI: 10.1186 / s12862-016-0819-5
- ^ A b Susana Schönhuth, Jasna Vukic, Radek Sanda, Lei Yang, Richard L. Mayden: Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, June 2018, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2018.06.026
- ↑ Eschmeyer, WN & Fong, JD: Catalog of Fishes Species by Family / Subfamily, accessed on July 13, 2018
