Brook loaches
| Brook loaches | ||||||||||||
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Loach ( Barbatula barbatula ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Nemacheilidae | ||||||||||||
| Swainson , 1839 |
The brook or river loaches ( Nemacheilidae) are a family of the loach- like (Cobitoidea). Their representatives are small fish that live in fast flowing rivers. The family includes over 600 species in 48 genera, of which Schistura is the most species-rich. The main distribution area is India , Indochina and China , but some species are also found in Europe and the genus Afronemacheilus occurs in the northeast of Africa in Ethiopia. Some species are known from Iran , India, China, Thailand and Germany that live in underground cave waters.
features
Brook loaches have an elongated body, round or flattened in cross-section, no thorns in front of or under the eyes, two pairs of barbels on the upper and one on the lower jaw. A prepalatine (a bone in front of the palatine bone ) belongs to their skull bones . The mouth is below. There is an unbranched fin ray on the front of the pectoral and pelvic fins . Some loaches have an adipose fin . Dandruff may be present or absent. Most species stay below ten centimeters in length.
Way of life
Brook loaches live in slowly to moderately fast flowing waters in plains and in low mountain ranges. Most species are crepuscular, some are also diurnal. They are mostly hidden under washed-out banks, between dead wood, stones, water plants or flooded land plants.
Genera
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- Aborichthys Chaudhuri, 1913
- Acanthocobitis Peters, 1861
- Afronemacheilus Golubtsov & Prokofiev, 2009
- Barbatula Linck, 1790
- Claea Kottelat, 2011
- Draconectes Kottelat, 2012
- Dzihunia Prokofiev, 2001
- Eidinemacheilus Segherloo et al., 2016
- Eonemachilus LS Berg, 1938
- Hedinichthys Rendahl, 1933
- Heminoemacheilus Zhu & Cao, 1987
- Homatula Nichols, 1925
- Ilamnemacheilus Coad & Nalbant, 2005
- Indoreonectes Rita & Bănărescu, 1978
- Indotriplophysa Prokofiev, 2010
- Iskandaria Prokofiev, 2009
- Labiatophysa Prokofiev, 2010
- Lefua Herzenstein, 1888
- Malihkaia Kottelat, 2017
- Mesonoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982
- Micronemacheilus Rendahl, 1944
- Mustura Kottelat, 2018
- Nemacheilus Bleeker, 1863
- Nemachilichthys Day, 1878
- Neonoemacheilus Zhu & Guo, 1985
- Oreonectes Günther, 1868
- Oxynoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1966
- Paracanthocobitis S. Grant, 2007
- Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863
- Paranemachilus Zhu, 1983
- Paraschistura Prokofiev, 2009
- Petruichthys Menon, 1987
- Physoschistura Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1982
- Protonemacheilus Yang & Chu, 1990
- Pteronemacheilus Bohlen & Ŝlechtová, 2011
- Qinghaichthys Zhu, 1981
- Rhyacoschistura Kottelat, 2019
- Sasanidus Freyhof et al., 2016
- Schistura McClelland, 1838
- Sectoria Kottelat, 1990
- Seminemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1995
- Speonectes Kottelat, 2012
- Sphaerophysa Cao & Zhu, 1988
- Sundoreonectes Kottelat, 1990
- Tarimichthys Prokofiev, 2010
- Traccatichthys Freyhof & Serov, 2001
- Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933
- Troglocobitis Parin, 1983
- Troglonectes Zhang, Zhao & Tang, 2016
- Tuberoschistura Kottelat, 1990
- Turcinoemacheilus Bănărescu & Nalbant, 1964
- Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925
literature
- Maurice Kottelat (2012): Conspectus cobitidum: an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei) . The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Suppl. 26: 1-199. PDF
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
Web links
- Brook loaches on Fishbase.org (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Chen, W., Yang, J., Li, Y. & Li, X. (2019): Exploring taxonomic diversity and biogeography of the family Nemacheilinae (Cypriniformes). Ecology and Evolution, August 28, 2019, doi: 10.1002 / ece3.5553
- ↑ Jasminca Behrmann-Godel, Arne W. Nolte, Joachim Kreiselmaier, Roland Berka, Jörg Freyhof: The first European cave fish. Volume 27, Issue 7, pR257 – R258, April 3, 2017 doi: 10.1016 / j.cub.2017.02.048