Filefish

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Filefish
White-spotted filefish (Cantherhines macrocerus)

White-spotted filefish ( Cantherhines macrocerus )

Systematics
Sub-cohort : Neoteleostei
Acanthomorphata
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Order : Puffer fish (Tetraodontiformes)
Family : Filefish
Scientific name
Monacanthidae
Bonaparte , 1846

The filefish (Monacanthidae) are a family from the order of the puffer fish relatives (Tetraodontiformes) and comprise over 100  species in about 26  genera .

Most species predominantly inhabit coral reefs in the tropical seas. Other species, such as those of the genera Paramonacanthus , Thamnaconus and Stephanolepis , live in sea ​​grass meadows and rocky reefs . Some species also live in subtropical and temperate seas.

features

Filefish, like the triggerfish , to which they are closely related, have "inherited" a dorsal spine mechanism (which fixes the first spine upright with the second shorter one) - but usually the second is already too weak or missing completely, and with the ventral spine the situation is similar: the fish do not spread themselves into crevices and the like. Their teeth (three instead of four in the front of the upper jaw) are not as strong as those of the triggerfish. Their body color and pattern allow them to adapt to their surroundings and thus escape the eyes of their enemies. The mimicry filefish ( Paraluteres prionurus ) mimics the body color and shape of the poisonous saddle-headed pufferfish ( Canthigaster valentini ).

The smallest representative is Rudarius minutus with a length of up to five centimeters, the largest is the script filefish ( Aluterus scriptus ) with a length of up to 1.10 meters.

All have a small terminal mouth and eat crabs, worms, small fish and algae. The two species of the genus Oxymonacanthus only eat polyps from hard corals of the genus Acropora .

Reproduction

The reproduction has so far only been observed in a few filefish species. Most species spawn on the bottom. In many cases, the spawn is guarded by one or both sexes. In the seagrass filefish , which was first bred in the aquarium in 2007, only the female guards the clutch and also chases away the male. The monogamous pallet spines ( Oxymonacanthus ) spawn in clumps of algae and then no longer care about the clutch.

Phylogenetic systematics of filefish according to McCord & Westneat 2015:
  Filefish  


 Aluterus


   

 Oxymonacanthus


   

 Oxymonacanthus


   

 Monacanthus


   

 Stephanolepis






   



 Brachaluteres


   

 Paraluteres



   

 Pervagor


   

 Chaetodermis


   

 Acreichhys


   

 Monacanthus


   

 Paramonacanthus







   


 Pseudomonacanthus


   

 Amanses


   

 Cantherhines




   

 Thamnaconus I


   


 Eubalichthys


   

 Thamnaconus II



   


 Meuschenia trachylepis


   

 Nelusetta



   

 Scobinichthys


   

 Acanthaluteres


   

 Meuschenia










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Systematics

Filefish belong to the pufferfish relatives (Tetraodontiformes) and together with their sister group , the triggerfish (Balistidae), form the suborder Balistoidei. In older publications they are often still listed as the subfamily Monacanthinae among the triggerfish.

There are about 26 genera and over 100 species. This makes the filefish the second-richest family of puffer fish relatives after the puffer fish.

Seagrass Filefish ( Acreichhys tomentosus )
Unicorn filefish
( Aluterus monoceros )
Brachaluteres jacksonianus
Yellowtail Filefish ( Cantherhines dumerili )
Ornamental filefish ( Chaetodermis penicilligerus )
Meuschenia trachylepis
Chinese fan belly ( Monacanthus chinensis )
Pallet filefish ( Oxymonacanthus longirostris )
Mimicry filefish ( Paraluteres prionurus )
Cave Filefish ( Pervagor janthinosoma )
Peron's filefish ( Pseudomonacanthus peroni )
Small filefish ( Rudarius minutus )
Stephanolepis hispidus
Thamnaconus modestus

Aquarium keeping

In saltwater aquariums , the keeping of filefish is considered to be risky because they eat a large number of invertebrates. Some small filefish species, especially the seagrass filefish, which is coveted to eat the unloved glass roses and fire anemones , and some pervagor species can be kept in the coral reef aquarium. A minimum pool size of 300 to 500 liters is required. Attacks on corals only occur when the animals are insufficiently or incorrectly fed. All filefishes offered for the saltwater aquarium are wild-caught.

literature

Web links

Commons : Filefish  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gumanao GS, AR Bos & JE Randall: Seagrass Filefish Acreichthys tomentosus (Linneaus), a master of camouflage . In: Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation . 30, 2018, pp. 58-72.
  2. ↑ Iris Böning: Bred for the first time: the seagrass filefish . In Der MeerwasserAquarianer, specialist magazine for seawater aquaristics, 2/2008, Rüdiger Latka Verlag, ISSN  1432-1505
  3. ↑ Ellen Thaler : Lifelong loyalty, without any infidelities: Oxymonacanthus species . In KORALLE, marine aquaristic specialist magazine, No. 19 February / March 2003, Natur und Tier Verlag Münster, ISSN  1439-779X
  4. ↑ Charlene L. McCord, Mark W. Westneat: Phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of BMP4 in triggerfishes and filefishes (Balistoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, September 2015, doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2015.09.014
  5. ↑ Ellen Thaler: Recommended filefish for the reef aquarium . In KORALLE, marine aquarium specialist magazine, No. 19