Loach catfish
Loach catfish | ||||||||||||
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Trichomycterus areolatus |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Trichomycteridae | ||||||||||||
Bleeker , 1858 |
The loach catfish (Trichomycteridae ( size : thrix , trichos = hair, mykter , - eros = nose)) are a species-rich family of the catfish-like (Siluriformes). They are found in Costa Rica , Panama, and most of South America.
features
Their body is slender, elongated and resembles that of numerous loachfish in shape . It is scaly and reaches lengths of 1.5 to 30 cm. The skull is generally wedge-shaped and tapering forward. There are usually two pairs of barbels on the maxillary , the lower jaw is always without barbels. An adipose fin is only present in the subfamily Copionodontinae . The swim bladder lies in a bone capsule. The pelvic fins are missing in three taxa : Eremophilus , Miuroglanis and the Glanapteryginae.
A feature that distinguishes the Trichomycteridae from all other catfish species and from all other bony fish is the highly specialized gill cover . The thorns of the operculare and interoperculare make it possible for the loach catfish to climb and colonize extreme habitats or adopt a parasitic way of life.
Way of life
Most loach catfish live very hidden, they have colonized unusual and extreme habitats even for fish. Many species from the subfamilies Glanapteryginae and Sarcoglanidinae live in the soil of their living waters, in sediment or in leaf litter. The subfamily Trichomycterinae occurs from sea level to 4500 meters in the Andes . They can also climb up vertical waterfalls by using their gill cover spikes as holding organs. The genus Trichomycterus lives in rapids. Trichogenes longipinnis is pelagic .
Loach catfish feed on small aquatic insects or insect larvae, and algae ( Copionodon ) or fish eggs and fry ( Pseudostegophilus ) are also eaten. Some species live parasitically , swim into the gill cavity of larger fish and suck blood ( hematophagy ). Vandellia is known for getting stuck in the urethra of people. The animals then have to be surgically removed.
Systematics
Within the catfish family, the Trichomycteridae belong to the suborder Loricarioidei , sister group and thus the closest relative is Nematogenys inermis , the only species of the Nematogenyidae. The Trichomycteridae include eight subfamilies with 42 genera and over 200 species.
Relationships within the Trichomycteridae according to Adriaens et al. 2010.
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- Subfamily Copionodontinae de Pinna, 1992 . Well developed adipose fin, the dorsal fin begins in the front half of the body, the maxillary articulates with the lower jaw.
- Copionodon de Pinna, 1992
- Glaphyropoma de Pinna, 1992
- Subfamily Trichogeninae Isbrücker, 1986 . Long anal fin with more than 30 rays.
- Trichogenes Britski & Ortega, 1983
- Subfamily Trichomycterinae
- Bullockia Arratia, Chang, Menu-Marque & Rojas, 1978
- Cambeva Katz et al., 2018
- Eremophilus Humboldt, 1805
- Hatcheria Eigenmann, 1909
- Ituglanis Costa & Bockmann, 1993
- Rhizosomichthys Miles, 1943
- Scleronema Eigenmann, 1917
- Silvinichthys Arratia, 1998
- Trichomycterus Valenciennes, 1832
- Subfamily Vandelliinae
- Paracanthopoma Giltay, 1935
- Paravandellia Miranda Ribeiro, 1912
- Plectrochilus Miranda Ribeiro, 1912
- Vandellia Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846
- Subfamily Stegophilinae
- Acanthopoma Lütken, 1892
- Apomatoceros Eigenmann, 1922
- Haemomaster Myers, 1927
- Henonemus Eigenmann & Ward in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward, 1907
- Homodiaetus Eigenmann & Ward in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward, 1907
- Megalocentor de Pinna & Britski, 1991
- Ochmacanthus Eigenmann, 1912
- Pareiodon Kner, 1855
- Pseudostegophilus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889
- Schultzichthys Dahl, 1960
- Stegophilus Reinhardt, 1859
- Subfamily Tridentinae Eigenmann, 1918 . Long anal fin with more than 15 rays.
- Miuroglanis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889
- Potamoglanis Henschel et al., 2017
- Tridens Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889
- Tridensimilis Schultz, 1944
- Tridentopsis Myers, 1925
- Subfamily Glanapteryginae Myers, 1944 . Pectoral fins with three or four fin rays, caudal fin with eleven or less, pelvic fins and pelvic girdle are usually missing, a dorsal fin is only present in Listrura , hypuralia completely fused together.
- Glanapteryx Myers, 1927
- Pygidianops Myers, 1944
- Typhlobelus Myers, 1944
- Subfamily Sarcoglanidinae Myers & Weitzman, 1966
- Ammoglanis Costa, 1994
- Malacoglanis Myers & Weitzman, 1966
- Sarcoglanis Myers & Weitzman, 1966
- Stauroglanis de Pinna, 1989
- Stenolicmus de Pinna & Starnes, 1990
- Subfamily Microcambevinae Costa, Henschel & Katz, 2020
- Listrura de Pinna, 1988
- Microcambeva Costa & Bockmann, 1994
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
- Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish . Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6
- Dominique Adriaens, Jonathan N. Baskin and Hendrik Coppens: Evolutionary morphology of trichomycterid catfishes: about hanging on and digging . in Joseph S. Nelson, Hans-Peter Schultze & Mark VH Wilson: Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. 2010, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, ISBN 978-3-89937-107-9
Individual evidence
- ↑ Costa, WJEM, Henschel, E. & Katz, AM: Multigene phylogeny reveals convergent evolution in small interstitial catfishes from the Amazon and Atlantic forests (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) . Zoologica Scripta, 2019: 00: 1-15.
Web links
- Loach catfish on Fishbase.org (English)