Smelty

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Smelty
Arctic smelt (Osmerus mordax)

Arctic smelt ( Osmerus mordax )

Systematics
Subclass : Neuflosser (Neopterygii)
Subclass : Real bony fish (Teleostei)
Overcohort : Clupeocephala
Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha
Sub-cohort : Stomiati
Order : Smelty
Scientific name
Osmeriformes

The smelt-like (Osmeriformes ( Gr .: osme = bad smell + Lat .: forma = shape)) are an order of the real bony fish (Teleostei). They live on the northern hemisphere of the earth as well as in New Zealand , Tasmania , in the southeast of Australia and on the Chatham Islands in cool and temperate regions in brackish and fresh water, some species also temporarily in the sea. Only a few species from the Salangidae family also occur in tropical areas. With the exception of the European smelt ( Osmerus eperlanus ) and possibly one or two species of salangid, all smelt-like spawn in freshwater.

features

Smelt-like are slender, elongated fish and grow to be 5 to 40 centimeters long. The back of the vomer is short. Basis phenoid and orbitosphenoid (two skull bones) are missing. Teeth on the mesopterygoid, a bone between the pterygoid ( wing bone ) and metapterygoid, are reduced. An adipose fin may be present or absent. The scales are devoid of concentric growth rings.

External system

The smelt-like were formerly placed in the sub-cohort Protacanthopterygii together with the salmon-like (Salmoniformes), the order of the golden salmon-like (Argentiniformes) and the pike-like (Esociformes) , which were formerly part of the smelt-like order . According to new studies, however, they are the sister group of the Maulstachler (Stomiiformes), an order of sometimes bizarre-looking deep-sea fish. Therefore, in the latest revision of the bony fish system, they are separated from the Protacanthopterygii and instead form the sub-cohort of the stomiati with the mouth spines .

Phylogenetic position of the smelt-like:

Mouth-spined fish such as the viperfish Chauliodus sloani are the closest relatives of the smelt-like fish .
  Euteleosteomorpha  

 Lepidogalaxii


   
  Protacanthopterygii  

 Golden salmon (Argentiniformes)


   

 Galaxies (Galaxiiformes)


   

 Pike-like (Esociformes)


   

 Salmonid fish  (Salmoniformes)





   
  Stomiati  

 Smelt-like (Osmeriformes)


   

 Maulstachler (Stomiiformes)



   

 Neoteleostei





Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style
Ayu
Australian trout pike

Internal system

The smelt-like are divided into two sub-orders , four families , 14 genera and about 40 species . The former suborder Argentinoidei (with which the smelt-like cucumber odor occurring in several species in common), the family of galaxies and the Western Australian salamander fish are now managed in separate orders ( Argentiniformes , Galaxiiformes and Lepidogalaxiiformes), so that only four families are left with the Smelt-like remained.

  • Suborder Osmeroidei
  • Subordination Retropinnoidei

Tribal history

The late Cretaceous carnivorous and marine genus Spaniodon is possibly the oldest smelt-like fish. The recent genus Osmerus is already fossilized from the Miocene , Mallotus only from the Pleistocene .

Hazardous situation

The International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN has 5 species of the order Smelt-like in the Red List of Endangered Species . Here the species Hypomesus transpacificus is designated as endangered ( Endangered ), another 3 species are not considered to be endangered ( Least Concern ) and one species is not assessed due to insufficient data ( Data Deficient ).

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c R. Betancur-R., E. Wiley, N. Bailly, A. Acero, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, G. Ortí: Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes - Version 4 (2016)
  2. ^ Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas Fish , Mergus-Verlag, Melle, 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X
  3. ↑ Osmeriformes in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009. Accessed March 5, 2010.

Web links

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