Smelt

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Smelt
Candlefish (Thaleichthys pacificus)

Candlefish ( Thaleichthys pacificus )

Systematics
Subclass : Real bony fish (Teleostei)
Overcohort : Clupeocephala
Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha
Sub-cohort : Stomiati
Order : Smelt-like (Osmeriformes)
Family : Smelt
Scientific name
Osmeridae
Jordan , 1923

The smelts (Osmeridae ( Gr .: osme = bad smell)) are a family of bony fish (Osteichthyes). Like many of their relatives (e.g. salmon fish ) they have a noticeable adipose fin . The best known species, the European smelt ( Osmerus eperlanus ), lives from the Biscay to the Baltic Sea and is up to 30 centimeters long, it is an important food fish . Many species of smelt give off a characteristic cucumber odor when caught.

features

Smelts grow to a length of 6 to 70 cm, most species stay under 20 cm. Their bodies are elongated, and in most cases their color is silvery. Your palatal bone is dumbbell-shaped, and there is an indentation in the upper edge of the gill cover . There is a sideline , but it is usually incomplete.

Fins formula : dorsal 7–14, anal 11–17 (up to 23 in Mallotus ), ventral 8 (another short one in Mallotus ).

The forked caudal fin is supported by 19 main fin rays, 17 of which are branched. The number of Branchiostegal rays is 6 to 10, those of the pyloric tubes 0 to 11, and those of the vertebrae 51 to 78.

Way of life

Most smelts live as coastal fish of the seas in the northern hemisphere, with many species also forming freshwater populations. To spawn, the smelts undertake long hikes in large schools along the coast or upstream into the rivers. After spawning, the animals often die on a massive scale.

Systematics

The Salangidae and the Plecoglossidae , which Nelson places as subfamilies to the smelts, are together the sister group of the smelts.

Relationships within the Osmeridae according to Ilves et al. 2010




Salangidae , Plecoglossidae


   

Hypomesus


   

Mallotus


   

Osmerus


   

Thaleichthys


   

Allosmerus


   

Spirinchus






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The smelts have so far been divided into two subfamilies with six genera and 14 species, as shown below. Current phylogenetic studies do not seem to confirm the separate position of the genus Hypomesus .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Molecular resolution of the systematics of a problematic group of fishes (Teleostei: Osmeridae) and evidence for morphological homoplasy , Katriina L. Ilves, Eric B. Taylor, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50 (2009) 163-178. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2008.10.021
  2. ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R., Richard E. Broughton, Edward O. Wiley, Kent Carpenter, J. Andrés López, Chenhong Li, Nancy I. Holcroft, Dahiana Arcila, Millicent Sanciangco, James C Cureton II, Feifei Zhang, Thaddaeus Buser, Matthew A. Campbell, Jesus A Ballesteros, Adela Roa-Varon, Stuart Willis, W. Calvin Borden, Thaine Rowley, Paulette C. Reneau, Daniel J. Hough, Guoqing Lu, Terry Grande, Gloria Arratia, Guillermo Ortí: The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life. 2013 Apr 18 [last modified: 2013 Apr 23]. Edition 1. doi: 10.1371 / currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288 , PDF ( Memento of the original from October 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / currents.plos.org

Web links

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