Pike-like

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Pike-like
Esox masquinongy

Esox masquinongy

Systematics
Class : Ray fins (Actinopterygii)
Subclass : Neuflosser (Neopterygii)
Subclass : Real bony fish (Teleostei)
Overcohort : Clupeocephala
Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha
Order : Pike-like
Scientific name
Esociformes
Nelson , 1994

The pike-like (Esociformes) are an order of the bony fish (Osteichthyes), to which the European pike ( Esox lucius ), six other species of pike and three other smaller genera , usually referred to as dogfish , belong.

distribution

All pike-like live in fresh waters on the northern globe, in Europe , Asia and North America , mostly in temperate and cold zones. With occurrences in northern Siberia , northern Canada and Alaska, they are also common in arctic regions. They only reach warmer regions with occurrences in southern France , in the northern and central part of Italy , on the Balkan Peninsula , with the exception of Greece , and in the southern states of the USA bordering the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico .

features

Typical of the pike-like fish is an elongated body structure with a large, central caudal fin and anus and dorsal fin that are moved backwards, which above all ensure high acceleration. The way of life is closely related to this. Pike are hunters of decency, they hide in the thicket of aquatic plants and suddenly stumble upon their prey. They eat other fish, amphibians and water birds.

Systematics

The Esociformes are usually placed in the Protacanthopterygii with the Salmoniformes , the salmon-like fish, and two other orders . They differ from these three orders, among other things, in the absence of an adipose fin . However, it could be that the Esociformes are not the derived sister group of the Salmoniformes in the Protacanthopterygii, but the primitive ones in the Neoteleostei (Wiley & Johnson 2010).

The monophyly of the pike-like (Esociformes) is undisputed. Traditionally they were divided into two families, the pike (Esocidae), to which only the genus Esox belonged, and the dogfish (Umbridae), to which the other three genera belonged. However, recent phylogenetic studies have shown that the genera Dallia and Novumbra are more closely related to Esox than to Umbra . Novumbra is the sister group of Esox , which together are the sister group of Dallia . All three genera together are the sister group of Umbra .

Today there are four genera and 14 species, plus one extinct family with two genera.

American pike
( Esox americanus )
Dallia pectoralis
American dogfish ( Umbra limi )

swell

  • Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish . Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6 .
  • Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • EO Wiley and GD Johnson (2010): A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups . In: JS Nelson, H.-P. Schultze, and MVH Wilson (Eds.): Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts , pp. 123-182.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ JA López, W.-J. Chen and G. Ortí (2004): Esociform phylogeny . Copeia (3): 449-464. Abstract
  2. ^ Tree of Life Web Project : Esociformes . Version January 01, 2005 (temporary).

Web links

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