Esocidae
Esocidae | ||||||||||||
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![]() European pike ( Esox lucius ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Esocidae | ||||||||||||
Rafinesque , 1815 |
The Esocidae are a family of bony fish that includes the pike ( Esox ) and two other species of fish that until recently belonged to the dogfish (Umbridae). All species of Esocidae occur in fresh waters of the northern hemisphere.
features
The fish are 8 cm ( Novumbra hubbsi ) to 1.80 m ( Esox masquinongy ) long. The diagnostic features of the family include the dorsally shortened gill cover , the sickle-shaped suboperculare , a small supramaxillary (a jawbone) and the scales with strong ridges anteriorly . The palatine bones vomer and palatine are covered with strong teeth.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Three_Novumbra_hubbsi.jpg/220px-Three_Novumbra_hubbsi.jpg)
Genera and species
There are three genera and nine to eleven recent species.
- Genus pike ( Esox Linnaeus, 1758)
- Subgenus Esox
- European pike ( Esox lucius )
- Esox aquitanicus
- Esox cisalpinus
- Amur pike ( Esox reicherti )
- Muscle lungs ( Esox masquinongy )
- Kenoza subgenus
- American pike ( Esox americanus )
- Chain pike ( Esox niger )
- Subgenus Esox
- Genus Novumbra
- Olympic dogfish ( Novumbra hubbsi )
- Novumbra sp. †, Oregon Oligocene .
- Genus Dallia Bean, 1879
- Dallia pectoralis Bean, 1879
- Dallia admirabilis
- Dallia delicatissima
- Dallia sp. †, Miocene of Alaska.
Tribal history
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Fossil_-_Hecht_%28Esox%29.jpg/220px-Fossil_-_Hecht_%28Esox%29.jpg)
The family Esocidae with the genera Estesox and Oldmanesox fossil can already be identified in the late Cretaceous period. The oldest known species of the genus Esox , E. tiemani from Alberta, comes from the Paleocene . The oldest Esox species found outside of North America comes from the early Eocene of China. One species found in Germany is E. lepidotus from the Miocene of Öhningen .
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson , Terry C. Grande, Mark VH Wilson: Fishes of the World. Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2016, ISBN 978-1118342336 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Novumbra hubbsi on Fishbase.org (English)
- ↑ Esox masquinongy on Fishbase.org (English)
- ^ Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas of Fishes. Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde Baensch, Melle 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X .