Esocidae

Esocidae
European pike ( Esox lucius )
Systematics
Subclass : Neuflosser (Neopterygii) Subclass : Real bony fish (Teleostei) Overcohort : Clupeocephala Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha Order : Pike-like (Esociformes) Family : Esocidae
Scientific name
Esocidae
Rafinesque , 1815

The Esocidae are a family of bony fish that includes the pike ( Esox ) and two other species of fish that until recently belonged to the dogfish (Umbridae). All species of Esocidae occur in fresh waters of the northern hemisphere.

features

The fish are 8 cm ( Novumbra hubbsi ) to 1.80 m ( Esox masquinongy ) long. The diagnostic features of the family include the dorsally shortened gill cover , the sickle-shaped suboperculare , a small supramaxillary (a jawbone) and the scales with strong ridges anteriorly . The palatine bones vomer and palatine are covered with strong teeth.

Olympic dogfish ( Novumbra hubbsi )

Dallia pectoralis

Genera and species

There are three genera and nine to eleven recent species.

• Genus pike ( Esox Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Subgenus Esox
    • European pike ( Esox lucius )
    • Esox aquitanicus
    • Esox cisalpinus
    • Amur pike ( Esox reicherti )
    • Muscle lungs ( Esox masquinongy )
  • Kenoza subgenus
    • American pike ( Esox americanus )
    • Chain pike ( Esox niger )
• Genus Novumbra
  • Olympic dogfish ( Novumbra hubbsi )
  • Novumbra sp. †, Oregon Oligocene .
• Genus Dallia Bean, 1879
  • Dallia pectoralis Bean, 1879
  • Dallia admirabilis
  • Dallia delicatissima
  • Dallia sp. †, Miocene of Alaska.

Tribal history

Fossil Esox -Art exhibited in the museum at the Löwentor

The family Esocidae with the genera Estesox and Oldmanesox fossil can already be identified in the late Cretaceous period. The oldest known species of the genus Esox , E. tiemani from Alberta, comes from the Paleocene . The oldest Esox species found outside of North America comes from the early Eocene of China. One species found in Germany is E. lepidotus from the Miocene of Öhningen .

literature

• Joseph S. Nelson , Terry C. Grande, Mark VH Wilson: Fishes of the World. Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2016, ISBN 978-1118342336 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Novumbra hubbsi on Fishbase.org (English)
2. ↑ Esox masquinongy on Fishbase.org (English)
3. ^ Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas of Fishes. Mergus, Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde Baensch, Melle 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X .