Surgeonfish
| Surgeonfish | ||||||||||||
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Tomini bristle- tooth doctor fish ( Ctenochaetus tominiensis ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Acanthuriformes | ||||||||||||
| Jordan , 1923 |
The doctor fish-like (Acanthuriformes) are an order of the perch relatives (Percomorpha). They occur close to the coast in tropical and subtropical regions of the Indo-Pacific, the Atlantic and their tributaries. They are mostly more or less high-backed, laterally strongly flattened, often very colorful coral reef inhabitants . Some species also inhabit brackish water or rivers. Only the Dianafish ( Luvarus imperialis ), which lives in the high seas, is also found in temperate and cool seas. Depending on the species, the doctor fish-like lengths reach between 16 cm and 1.8 m.
The group was listed in older systematics as the suborder Acanthuroidei in the order of the perch-like (Perciformes) and comprised the following six families:
- Spade fish (Ephippidae)
- Argus fish (Scatophagidae)
- Rabbit fish (Siganidae)
- Dianafish (Luvaridae)
- Halterfish (Zanclidae)
- Surgeonfish (Acanthuridae)
Ricardo Betancur-R. and colleagues, in their revision of the bony fish systematics published for the first time at the beginning of 2013, restrict the surgeon fish, the dianafish and the halter fish and give the group the name Acanthuriformes in order to achieve the monophyly of the perch-like (Perciformes).
The Australian ichthyologists Anthony Gill and Jeffrey M. Leis found in a study published in early October 2019 in larvae and adult specimens of the surgeonfish, as well as in some other families and genera of perch-related fish, a characteristic that only occurs in these fish (a synapomorphism ) and from they are used to diagnose and demonstrate a monophyletic and extended order Acanthuriformes. In the larvae and adult specimens of these fish, the regrowing teeth grow on the outside of the jaw and replace their predecessors in groups. The doctor fish are expanded to include the following fish families and genera: Antigonia , Capros , butterfly fish (Chaetodontidae), Datnioides , sickle fish (Drepaneidae), Hapalogenys , pony fish (Leiognathidae), lobotes and angelfish (Pomacanthidae). The extension of the order Acanthuriformes was adopted in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes, a monthly updated database on fish classification, on October 7, 2019.
Further features of the enlarged Acanthuriformes are widespread among the Acanthomorpha , but rarely occur in combination with the exception of the surgeonfish-like. These are: six branchiostegal rays or less, no tooth plate on the second and third epibranchial (the second bone from the top of the second and third gill arch ), an edentulous palatine bone , the supramaxillary (a jawbone) is missing.
The following cladogram shows the relationships between the extended doctor fish species :
| Acanthuriformes |
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Extinct families of surgeonfish are the Kushlukiidae (the sister family of the Luvaridae) and the Massalongiidae . Both contain only one genus.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Luvarus imperialis on Fishbase.org (English)
- ^ Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 , pp. 425-429.
- ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R, Edward O. Wiley, Gloria Arratia, Arturo Acero, Nicolas Bailly, Masaki Miya, Guillaume Lecointre and Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes . BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC series - July 2017, DOI: 10.1186 / s12862-017-0958-3
- ↑ a b c Anthony Gill & Jeffrey M. Leis (2019): Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys , with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology. Zootaxa, 4680 (1): 1-81. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4680.1.1
- ↑ Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
- ^ Joseph S. Nelson, Terry C. Grande, Mark VH Wilson: Fishes of the World. Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2016, ISBN 978-1118342336 , p. 500 and 501