Pony fish
Pony fish | ||||||||||||
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Leiognathus lineolatus |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Leiognathidae | ||||||||||||
Gill , 1893 |
The pony fish (Leiognathidae) are a family of perch-related fish that are found in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans . Equulites klunzingeri immigrated into the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal . Ponyfish are mostly found in shallow coastal waters and in the intertidal zone. Some species also go into fresh water.
features
Pony fish are five to 28 centimeters long, depending on the species. Your body is flattened on the sides, covered with small scales, the lower part of the body is very slimy. The head is usually scaly and shows bony ridges on top. The mouth is small and extensible (protractile). The palatine bone is toothless. An eye gill gland (pseudobranch) is missing. The number of Branchiostegal rays is four to five, the number of vertebrae 22 to 24. All types of pony fish have luminous organs along the esophagus.
Ponyfish have a single, continuous dorsal fin. The hard rays of the dorsal and anal fin can be fixed by a locking mechanism. The bases of the dorsal and anal fin are scaled.
Fins formula : dorsal VIII – IX / 14–16, anal III / 14.
Ponyfish feed on small, bottom-dwelling invertebrates .
Genera and species
There are ten genera and around 50 species:
- Subfamily Leiognathinae
- Genus Aurigequula Fowler, 1918
- Aurigequula fasciata ( Lacépède , 1803)
- Aurigequula longispinis (Valenciennes, 1835)
- Genus Leiognathus Lacépède, 1802
- Leiognathus berbis (Valenciennes, 1835)
- Leiognathus brevirostris (Valenciennes, 1835)
- Leiognathus equulus ( Forsskål , 1775)
- Leiognathus lineolatus (Valenciennes, 1835)
- Leiognathus oblongus (Valenciennes, 1835)
- Leiognathus parviceps (Valenciennes, 1835)
- Leiognathus robustus Sparks & Dunlap, 2004
- Leiognathus striatus James & Badrudeen, 1991
- Genus Secutor Gistel, 1848
- Secutor hanedai Mochizuki & Hayashi, 1989
- Secutor indicius Monkolprasit, 1973
- Secutor insidiator ( Bloch , 1787)
- Secutor interruptus (Valenciennes, 1835)
- Secutor megalolepis Mochizuki & Hayashi, 1989
- Secutor ruconius (Hamilton, 1822)
- Genus Aurigequula Fowler, 1918
- Subfamily Gazzinae
- Genus Equulites Fowler, 1904
- Equulites absconditus Chakrabarty & Sparks, 2010
- Equulites aethopos Suzuki & Kimura, 2017
- Equulites elongatus ( Günther , 1874)
- Equulites klunzingeri (Steindachner, 1898)
- Equulites laterofenestra (Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2007)
- Equulites leuciscus (Günther, 1860)
- Equulites rivulatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
- Genus Eubleekeria Fowler, 1904
- Eubleekeria jonesi (James, 1971)
- Eubleekeria kupanensis Kimura & Peristiwady, 2005
- Eubleekeria rapsoni Munro, 1964
- Eubleekeria splendens ( Cuvier , 1829)
- Genus Gazza Rüppell, 1835
- Gazza achlamys Jordan & Starks, 1917
- Gazza dentex ( Valenciennes , 1835)
- Gazza minuta ( Bloch , 1795)
- Gazza rhombea Kimura, Yamashita & Iwatsuki, 2000
- Gazza squamiventralis Yamashita & Kimura, 2001
- Genus Karalla Chakrabarty & Sparks, 2008
- Karalla daura ( Cuvier , 1829)
- Karalla dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1835)
- Genus Nuchequula Whitley, 1932
- Nuchequula blochii (Valenciennes, 1835)
- Nuchequula flavaxilla Kimura, Kimura & Ikejima, 2008
- Nuchequula gerreoides (Bleeker, 1851)
- Nuchequula glenysae Kimura, Kimura & Ikejima, 2008
- Nuchequula longicornis Kimura, Kimura & Ikejima, 2008
- Nuchequula mannusella Chakrabarty & Sparks, 2007
- Nuchequula nuchalis ( Temminck & Schlegel , 1845)
- Genus Photolateralis Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2015
- Photolateralis antongil (Sparks, 2006)
- Photolateralis moretoniensis ( Ogilby , 1912)
- Photolateralis polyfenestrus Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2019
- Photolateralis stercorarius (Evermann & Seale, 1907)
- Genus Photopectoralis Sparks, Dunlap & Smith, 2005
- Photopectoralis aureus (Abe & Haneda, 1972)
- Photopectoralis bindus (Valenciennes, 1835)
- Photopectoralis hataii (Abe & Haneda, 1972)
- Photopectoralis panayensis (Kimura & Dunlap, 2003)
- Genus Equulites Fowler, 1904
literature
- Gill, AC & Michalski, S. (2020): Osteological evidence for monophyly of the Leiognathidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha: Acanthuriformes). Zootaxa, 4732 (3): 409-421. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4732.3.4
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. Wileys, Hoboken 2006. ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Sparks, JS & Chakrabarty, P. (2015): Description of a new genus of ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), with a review of the current generic-level composition of the family. Zootaxa , 3947 (2): 181-190.) Doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3947.2.2
Individual evidence
- ↑ CIESM Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea: Equulites klunzingeri
Web links
- Pony fish on Fishbase.org (English)