Anchovies

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Anchovies
Engraulis australis

Engraulis australis

Systematics
Subclass : Real bony fish (Teleostei)
Overcohort : Clupeocephala
Cohort : Otomorpha
Order : Herring-like (Clupeiformes)
Subordination : Clupeoidei
Family : Anchovies
Scientific name
Engraulidae
Gill , 1861

The anchovies (Engraulidae) (from Italian sardella ; to Latin sarda 'herring') are a family of herring-like species . The small fish live as plankton-eating schooling fish in the oceans of temperate and tropical latitudes. Most of the species are found near the coasts, some also in freshwater, most of them in South America .

features

Anchovies are 2 to 41 cm long, depending on the species ( Thryssa scratchleyi is the largest species in the family ). Most stay under 8 inches. Their body is usually spindle- shaped with an oval cross-section, often translucent or silvery on the flanks with a brown or blue-green back. As plankton eaters, they have a well-developed gill trap apparatus. Some larger species are piscivor ; the teeth can be strong, but also completely absent. The caudal fin is mostly forked. There is no lateral line organ .

Systematics

European anchovy

There are 2  subfamilies , 17  genera and around 140  species :

use

Anxoves ( anchovies ) from L'Escala

The European anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicolus ) and the South American anchovy ( Engraulis ringens ), both from the subfamily Engraulinae, are economically important .

While the European anchovy is an important food fish and is often offered salted as anchovy , the South American anchovy or anchoveta is mainly processed into fish meal and fish oil . With pellets from the fish meal z. B. fed pigs in pig farms and salmon on salmon farms .

literature

  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish . Gustav Fischer-Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6 .
  • Peter JP Whitehead, Gareth J. Nelson, Thosaporn Wongratana: Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalog of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies, and wolf-herrings. Part 2. Engraulididae FAO Species Catalog for Fishery Purposes. No. 7th FAO Rome 2005. ( PDF )

Individual evidence

  1. G. Allen, S. Midgley, M. Allen: Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia . 2nd Edition. Western Australian Museum, Perth 2003, ISBN 0-7307-5486-3 , pp. 67-68 .

Web links

Wiktionary: anchovy  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Commons : Anchovies  - Collection of images, videos and audio files