Herring-like

Herring-like
Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus )
Systematics
Class : Ray fins (Actinopterygii) Subclass : Neuflosser (Neopterygii) Subclass : Real bony fish (Teleostei) Overcohort : Clupeocephala Cohort : Otomorpha Order : Herring-like
Scientific name
Clupeiformes
Goodrich , 1909

The herring-like (Clupeiformes) are an order of the bony fish (Osteichthyes). They are mostly marine schooling fish that feed on plankton, small fish and shrimp. Many species of herring are of great economic importance for fishing . A typical example is the Atlantic herring , which is also found in the North and Baltic Seas .

features

Herring-like have a slender, spindle-shaped, laterally flattened body. It is covered with silvery cycloid scales. Herring-like species only have one dorsal fin in the middle of the back . The pelvic fins are also in the middle of the body. All fins only have soft rays . A lateral line organ is only present on the head. Most species have long and numerous gill-trap rays as a filtering device. Parasphenoid teeth are missing. The parietal bones (Os parietale) are separated from each other by the supraoccipital. A feature that only the herring-like fish have and that all other fish groups lack is the "lateral recess", an otic indentation in the neurocranium , which is formed by the union of sensory channels ( infraorbital and preopercular canal ).

The largest species, the predatory wolf herring ( Chirocentrus dorab ), grows to a meter long, the smallest, Sundasalanx microps and Sundasalanx praecox, only 2.2 cm.

Systematics

Internal systematics of the Clupeiformes according to Lavoué et al.   Clupeiformes     Clupeoidei     Clupeidae    Dorosomatinae      Alosinae      Ehiravinae      Clupeinae      Dussumieriidae  (without Spratelloidinae)      Wolf herring  (Chirocentridae)      Pristigasteridae (Pristigasteridae)      Spratelloididae      undescribed pedomorphic taxon   Anchovies  (Engraulidae)    Coiliinae      Engraulinae   Denticipitoidei    Teeth Herring  (Denticipitidae)

There are two suborders, seven families, 84 genera, and about 400 species.

• Subordination Denticipitoidei
  • Teeth Herring (Denticipitidae)
• Suborder Clupeoidei , (about 400 species)
  • Anchovies (Engraulidae)
    • Subfamily Coiliinae
    • Subfamily Engraulinae
  • Wolf herring (Chirocentridae)
  • Pristigasteridae (Pristigasteridae)
    • Subfamily Pristigasterinae
    • Subfamily Pelloninae
  • Round herrings (Dussumieriidae)
  • Spratelloididae
  • Herring (Clupeidae)
    • Subfamily Clupeinae
    • Subfamily Ehiravinae
    • Subfamily Alosinae
    • Subfamily Dorosomatinae

literature

• Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
• Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish , Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Sébastien Lavoué, Masaki Miya, Prachya Musikasinthorn, Wei-Jen Chen, Mutsumi Nishida: Mitogenomic Evidence for an Indo-West Pacific Origin of the Clupeoidei (Teleostei: Clupeiformes). PLoS ONE 8 (2): e56485. DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0056485
2. ^ Sébastien Lavoué, Peter Konstantinidis & Wei-Jen Chen: Progress in Clupeiform Systematics. in Konstantinos Ganias (Ed.): Biology and Ecology of Sardines and Anchovies. CRC Press, 2014, ISBN 978-1482228540
3. ↑ Sébastien Lavoue, Masaki Miya, Akira Kawaguchi, Tetsuo Yoshino & Mutsumi Nishida: The phylogenetic position of an undescribed paedomorphic clupeiform taxon: mitogenomic evidence. Ichthyological Research, November 2008, Volume 55, Issue 4, DOI: 10.1007 / s10228-008-0044-3

Web links

Commons : Herring-like  - collection of images, videos, and audio files

• Herring-like on Fishbase.org (English)