Aphaniidae

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Aphaniidae
Aphanius danfordii

Aphanius danfordii

Systematics
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Ovalentaria
Superordinate : Earfish relatives (Atherinomorphae)
Order : Toothpies (Cyprinodontiformes)
Subordination : Cyprinodontoidei
Family : Aphaniidae
Scientific name
Aphaniidae
Sethi , 1960

The Aphaniidae are a family from the order of the toothfish . The 45 species of the family come to the coastal plains of southern Europe and North Africa (up in fresh and brackish waters Somalia ), around the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf , in inland waters of North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula , Mesopotamia , of Iran and Turkey before . Distribution focus, d. H. the most biodiverse area is the plateau of Anatolia .

features

The species of the Aphaniidae are 3 to 15 cm long. Your body is moderately elongated and only slightly flattened on the sides. The mouth is short and partly strong above. The teeth are three-pointed. The scaling is complete, but it can also be reduced or completely absent. All fins are rounded. The dorsal and anal fins are similar and face each other almost symmetrically. The pelvic fins may be missing. Usually there is a gender dimorphism . The females are usually larger and spotted or spotted on a plain background. The males often show horizontal stripes. Even within a species there can be a distinct dimorphism in color, due to populations that live completely isolated from each other.

The three diagnostic features that distinguish the family from other dentists relate to skull morphology. The sensory pores on the skull are designed as pores, and not as neuromasts, the urohyal, a tendon ossification in the skull, is not embedded in a urohyal membrane. The number of vertebrae is 26; the number of scales along the sideline is from 24 to 26, and the number of Branchiostegal rays is 5.

The dorsal fin is supported by 8 to 14 fin rays. In contrast to the Orestiidae , the Aphaniidae species have a vomer , a cartilaginous mesethmoid (a skull bone) and an ossified interhyale (cartilage or bone in the floor of the mouth). The Orestiidae have no vomer, the mesethmoid is ossified, and the interhyale is not ossified.

Way of life

The species of the Aphaniidae mostly live in small and very small bodies of water with fresh, brackish or sea water. These can be springs, pools, swamps, lagoons, canals or ditches. The waters are often in direct contact with the sea and have a high content of sulfides or magnesium compounds . Salinity and temperatures can fluctuate widely, the latter both on an annual basis and between day and night. The fish avoid running water and feed on plants as well as various small animals and detritus . They are not seasonal fish . They attach their spawn to objects.

Taxonomy and systematics

Aphanius , the type genus of the Aphaniidae, was introduced in 1827 by the Italian naturalist Giovanni Domenico Nardo . The American ichthyologist Lynne R. Parenti put the genus together with the South American Andean parsons ( Orestias ) within the family Cyprinodontidae in the tribe Orestini. Because of the polyphylie of the Cyprinodontidae, the genus was transferred to an independent family, the Aphaniidae, in mid-2017 by the German ichthyologist Jörg Freyhof and two Turkish colleagues. The name was first mentioned in a dissertation in 1960. With the introduction of the genus Paraphanius in April 2020 and the revalidation of Aphaniops , the family is no longer monotypical . In mid-2020 two more genera were newly introduced and three genera revalidated, so that the Aphaniidae now consist of eight genera.

Genera and species

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Lynne R. Parenti: A phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of cyprinodontiform fishes (Teleostei, Atherinomorpha). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History; Volume 168, Article 4, 1981, page 521.
  2. ↑ a b Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Azad Teimori, Fatah Zarei, Golnaz Sayyadzadeh (2020): DNA barcoding and species delimitation of the Old World tooth-carps, family Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). PLoS ONE, 15 (4): e0231717. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0231717
  3. ↑ Jörg Freyhof, Müfit Özuluğ & Gülsah Saç (2017): Neotype designation of Aphanius iconii , first reviser action to stabilize the usage of A. fontinalis and A. meridionalis and comments on the family group names of fishes placed in Cyprinodontidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes ) . Zootaxa , 4294 (5): 573-585. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4294.5.6
  4. ^ Sethi, RP 1960. Osteology and phylogeny of oviparous cyprinodont fishes (or Cyprinodontiformes) . Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Florida, Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, pp. 1-275.
  5. ↑ a b Freyhof, J. & Yoğurtçuoğlu, B. (2020): A proposal for a new generic structure of the killifish family Aphaniidae, with the description of Aphaniops teimorii (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). Zootaxa, 4810 (3): 421-451. DOI: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4810.3.2