Chalceus
Chalceus | ||||||||||||
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Chalceus sp. |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
Chalceidae | ||||||||||||
Fowler , 1958 | ||||||||||||
Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
Chalceus | ||||||||||||
Cuvier , 1817 |
Chalceus is a genus of large, slender tetra from South America . Chalceus - species are in tropical South America east of the Andes in the basin of the Amazon and Guiana before.
features
Chalceus species grow to be 8 to 10 inches long. Its body is elongated, the large caudal fin deeply forked, with a lower caudal fin lobe that is often slightly larger. The most noticeable characteristic of the genus is the special scaling. Above the sideline , which is relatively low on the sides, there are three rows of very large scales, below the scales are much smaller and more numerous. In German the freshwater fish are also called gloss tetra or South American large scale tetra (cf. African large scale tetra ). The dorsal fin is short and lies behind the center of the body. A short adipose fin is present.
Chalceus species are fast-swimming and well-leaping schooling fish that carnivore feed on smaller fish and insects.
Systematics
Chalceus was until recently assigned to the family of the real tetras (Characidae) and was not placed in any subfamily there ( Incertae sedis ). In 2011 the genus was placed in an independent, monotypical family, the Chalceidae (Claudio Oliveira et al., 2011).
species
- Chalceus epakros Zanata & Toledo-Piza, 2004
- Chalceus erythrurus (Cope, 1870)
- Chalceus fasciatus Jardine & Schomburgk, 1841
- Chalceus guaporensis Zanata & Toledo-Piza, 200
- Chalceus latus Jardine, 1841
- Chalceus macrolepidotus Cuvier, 1818
- Chalceus spilogyros Zanata & Toledo-Piza, 2004
- Chalceus taeniatus Jardine & Schomburgk, 1841
Chalceus species are used locally as food fish.
literature
- Günther Sterba : The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 .
- Günther Sterba (Ed.), Gert Brückner: Encyclopedia of Aquaristics and Special Ichthyology. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen u. a. 1978, ISBN 3-7888-0252-9 .
- Axel Zarske: Chalceus Cuvier, 1817. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , p. 206.
- Claudio Oliveira et al .: Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11: 275 doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-11-275 .
- Angela M. Zanata, Mônica Toledo-Piza: Taxonomic revision of the South American fish genus Chalceus Cuvier (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with the description of three new species. In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 140, No. 1, January 2004, pp. 103-135 ( doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.2004.00090.x ).
Web links
- Chalceus on Fishbase.org (English)