Glass or hatchet fish
| Glass or hatchet fish | ||||||||||||
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Pempheris adusta |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pempheridae | ||||||||||||
| Bleeker , 1859 |
The glass or hatchet fish (Pempheridae) are a family of perch relatives that consists of two genera and over 70 species . They are small fish that live in schools of many individuals in the western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific . Some species also go into brackish water , one ( Pempheris mangula ) immigrated into the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal ( Lesseps migration ). During the day, both genera live hidden in caves and under overhangs. At night they become active and hunt zooplankton .
features
Glass or hatchet fish grow to a length of 7.5 to 30 centimeters. They are high-backed fish whose laterally flattened body is covered with large cycloid or ctenoid scales. Their eyes are large, the gap in the mouth is slanted, and the anal fin is long. The maxillary does not extend beyond the center of the eye. The fish only have a short dorsal fin that stands in front of the middle of the body. Young fish are transparent.
The sideline extends to the caudal fin. It is accompanied by 40 to 82 scales. The number of gill trap rays is 25 to 31, those of the vertebrae 25 (10 + 15), and those of the pyloric tubes 9 to 10.
- Fin formula : dorsal IV-VII / 7-12, anal (II) -III / 17-45.
The Parapriacanthus species and five of the 73 species of the genus Pempheris have luminous organs that have developed from the pyloric tubes .
External system
With their closest relatives, the pearlfish (Glaucosomatidae) and other families, the glass or hatchet fish form the newly established order Pempheriformes in the latest revision of the bonefish systematics .
Internal system
The glass fish ( Parapriacanthus ) are always smaller than 10 centimeters, have a translucent body and live in schools of thousands of animals. Eleven species are counted to the genus:
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- Parapriacanthus argenteus (von Bonde, 1923) .
- Parapriacanthus darros Randall & Bogorodsky, 2016 .
- Parapriacanthus dispar (Herre, 1935) .
- Parapriacanthus elongatus (McCulloch, 1911) .
- Parapriacanthus guentheri (Klunzinger, 1871) .
- Parapriacanthus marei Fourmanoir, 1971 .
- Parapriacanthus kwazulu Randall & Bogorodsky, 2016 .
- Parapriacanthus punctulatus Randall & Bogorodsky, 2016 .
- Parapriacanthus rahah Randall & Bogorodsky, 2016 .
- Parapriacanthus ransonneti Steindachner , 1870 .
- Parapriacanthus sharm Randall & Bogorodsky, 2016 .
The hatchet fish ( Pempheris ), not to be confused with the deep-sea hatchet fish of the family (Sternoptychidae), are 15 to 28 centimeters tall and have a clearly arched belly. Some species have luminous organs . There are 73 species in the genus:
- Pempheris adspersa Griffin, 1927 .
- Pempheris adusta Bleeker , 1877 .
- Pempheris affinis McCulloch, 1911 .
- Pempheris analis Waite, 1910 .
- Pempheris andilana Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris argyrea Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris bexillon Mooi & Randall, 2014 .
- Pempheris bineeshi Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris bruggemanni Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris compressa (White, 1790) .
- Pempheris connelli Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris convexa Randall & Victor, 2014 .
- Pempheris cuprea Randall & Victor, 2014 .
- Pempheris darvelli Randall & Victor, 2014 .
- Pempheris eatoni Randall & Victor, 2014 .
- Pempheris ellipse Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris familia Koeda & Motomura, 2017 .
- Pempheris flavicycla Randall et al., 2013 .
- Pempheris gasparinii Pinheiro et al., 2016 .
- Pempheris hadra Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris heemstraorum Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris hollemani Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris ibo Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris japonica Döderlein, 1883 .
- Pempheris klunzingeri McCulloch, 1911 .
- Pempheris kruppi Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris kuriamuria Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris leiolepis Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris mangula Cuvier , 1829 .
- Pempheris megalops Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris micromma Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris molucca Cuvier, 1829 . noun dubium
- Pempheris multiradiata Klunzinger, 1880 .
- Pempheris muscat Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris nyctereutes Jordan & Evermann, 1902 .
- Pempheris orbis Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris ornata Mooi & Jubb, 1996 .
- Pempheris otaitensis Cuvier, 1831 .
- Pempheris oualensis Cuvier, 1831 .
- Pempheris pathirana Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris peza Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris poeyi Bean, 1885 .
- Pempheris rapa Mooi, 1998 .
- Pempheris rochai Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris rubricauda Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris sarayu Randall & Bineesh, 2014 .
- Pempheris schomburgkii Müller & Troschel, 1848 .
- Pempheris schreineri Miranda-Ribeiro, 1915 .
- Pempheris schwenkii Bleeker, 1855 .
- Pempheris sergey Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris Shimoni Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris shirleen Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris smithorum Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris tau Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris ternay Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris tilman Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris tiran Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris tominagai Koeda, Yoshino, Imai & Tachihara, 2014 .
- Pempheris trinco Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris ufuagari Koeda, Yoshino & Tachihara, 2013 .
- Pempheris vanicolensis Cuvier, 1831 .
- Pempheris viridis Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris wilsoni Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris xanthomma Randall & Victor, 2015 .
- Pempheris xanthoptera Tominaga, 1963 .
- Pempheris ypsilychnus Mooi & Jubb, 1996 .
- Pempheris zajonzi Randall & Victor, 2015 .
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish . Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pempheris mangula on Fishbase.org (English)
- ↑ Ghedotti, MJ, Gruber, JN, Barton, RW, Davis, MP & Smith, WL (2018): Morphology and evolution of bioluminescent organs in the glowbellies (Percomorpha: Acropomatidae) with comments on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Acropomatiformes. Journal of Morphology, October 2018, doi: 10.1002 / jmor.20894 , page 11.
- ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R., Richard E. Broughton, Edward O. Wiley, Kent Carpenter, J. Andrés López, Chenhong Li, Nancy I. Holcroft, Dahiana Arcila, Millicent Sanciangco, James C Cureton II, Feifei Zhang, Thaddaeus Buser, Matthew A. Campbell, Jesus A Ballesteros, Adela Roa-Varon, Stuart Willis, W. Calvin Borden, Thaine Rowley, Paulette C. Reneau, Daniel J. Hough, Guoqing Lu, Terry Grande, Gloria Arratia, Guillermo Ortí: The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life. 2013 Apr 18, Edition 1. doi: 10.1371 / currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288 , PDF ( Memento of the original from October 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Parapriacanthus on Fishbase.org (English)
- ↑ Randall, JE & Bogorodsky, SV (2016): Preliminary review of the pempherid fish genus Parapriacanthus of the western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of five new species. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 20: 1-24. PDF
- ↑ Pempheris on Fishbase.org (English)
- ↑ Randall, JE & Victor, BC (2014): Four new fishes of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes: Pempheridae) from the western Indian Ocean. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 12: 61-83.
- ↑ Randall, JE & Victor, BC (2015): Descriptions of thirty-four new species of the fish genus Pempheris (Perciformes: Pempheridae), with a key to the species of the western Indian Ocean. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 18: 1-77.
Web links
- Glass or hatchet fish on Fishbase.org (English)