Deep sea hatchet
Deep sea hatchet | ||||||||||||
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Sternoptychidae | ||||||||||||
Gill , 1863 |
The deep-sea hatchet fish (Sternoptychidae, Greek "sternon" = breast, "ptyxychos" = fold), also called silver hatchet fish , are a family of deep sea fish from the order of the mouth spined (Stomiiformes) living in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian Oceans .
features
Deep-sea hatchetfish grow to be 2 to 14 centimeters long. They have a plump body with a clearly separated tail stalk (strongly pronounced in the Sternoptychinae subfamily , hence the common name of the entire family), an upper mouth and upward-pointing eyes. There are light organs on the underside of the body . The number of branchiostegal rays is 6 to 10. A pseudobranch , which is reduced or has been lost in most other mouth spines, is present in the deep-sea axfish. The adipose fin is small. Scales are missing or easily fall off. In dying deep-sea axfish, the light organs glow for a long time. Their eggs are planktonic and are kept in suspension by embedded oil droplets.
Systematics
There are over 70 species in ten genera and two subfamilies.
Subfamily Maurolicinae
The body is elongated and never strongly compressed on the sides. Fin formula : anal fin 19–38. The taxon may be paraphyletic .
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Araiophos
- Araiophos eastropas Ahlstrom & Moser , 1969
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Argyripnus
- Argyripnus atlanticus Maul , 1952
- Argyripnus boreopacificus Prokofiev , 2017
- Argyripnus brocki Struhsaker , 1973
- Argyripnus electronus Parin , 1992
- Argyripnus ephippiatus Gilbert & Cramer , 1897
- Argyripnus iridescens McCulloch , 1926
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Danaphos
- Danaphos oculatus ( Garman , 1899)
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Maurolicus
- Maurolicus amethystinopunctatus Cocco , 1838
- Maurolicus australis Hector , 1875
- Maurolicus breviculus Parin & Kobyliansky , 1993
- Maurolicus imperatorius Parin & Kobyliansky , 1993
- Maurolicus inventionis Parin & Kobyliansky , 1993
- Maurolicus japonicus Ishikawa , 1915
- Maurolicus javanicus Parin & Kobyliansky , 1993
- Maurolicus kornilovorum Parin & Kobyliansky , 1993
- Maurolicus mucronatus Klunzinger , 1871
- Maurolicus muelleri (salmon herring) ( Gmelin , 1789)
- Maurolicus parvipinnis Vaillant , 1888
- Maurolicus rudjakovi Parin & Kobyliansky , 1993
- Maurolicus stehmanni Parin & Kobyliansky , 1996
- Maurolicus walvisensis Parin & Kobyliansky , 1993
- Maurolicus weitzmani Parin & Kobyliansky , 1993
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Sonoda
- Sonoda megalophthalma Gray , 1959
- Sonoda paucilampa Gray , 1960
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Thorophos
- Thorophos euryops Bruun , 1931
- Thorophos nexilis ( Myers , 1932)
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Valenciennellus
- Valenciennellus carlsbergi Bruun , 1931
- Valenciennellus tripunctulatus ( Esmark , 1871)
Subfamily Sternoptychinae
The body is short, laterally strongly flattened and deep, the mouth is almost vertical, sometimes telescopic eyes are formed. Fin formula : dorsal fin 8–17, anal fin 11–19.
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Argyropelecus
- Argyropelecus aculeatus Valenciennes , 1850
- Argyropelecus affinis Garman , 1899
- Argyropelecus gigas Norman , 1930
- Argyropelecus hemigymnus Cocco , 1829
- Argyropelecus lychnus Garman , 1899
- Argyropelecus olfersii (silver hatchet) ( Cuvier , 1829)
- Argyropelecus sladeni Regan , 1908
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Polyipnus
- Polyipnus aquavitus Baird , 1971
- Polyipnus asper Harold , 1994
- Polyipnus asteroides Schultz , 1938
- Polyipnus bruuni Harold , 1994
- Polyipnus clarus Harold , 1994
- Polyipnus danae Harold , 1990
- Polyipnus elongatus Borodulina , 1979
- Polyipnus fraseri Fowler , 1934
- Polyipnus indicus Schultz , 1961
- Polyipnus inermis Borodulina , 1981
- Polyipnus kiwiensis Baird , 1971
- Polyipnus laruei Vourey et al., 2017
- Polyipnus laternatus Garman , 1899
- Polyipnus latirastrus Last & Harold , 1994
- Polyipnus limatulus Harold & Wessel , 1998
- Polyipnus matsubarai Schultz , 1961
- Polyipnus meteori Kotthaus , 1967
- Polyipnus notatus Harold et al. , 2016
- Polyipnus nuttingi Gilbert , 1905
- Polyipnus oluolus Baird , 1971
- Polyipnus omphus Baird , 1971
- Polyipnus ovatus Harold , 1994
- Polyipnus parini Borodulina , 1979
- Polyipnus paxtoni Harold , 1989
- Polyipnus polli Schultz , 1961
- Polyipnus ruggeri Baird , 1971
- Polyipnus soelae Harold , 1994
- Polyipnus spinifer Borodulina , 1979
- Polyipnus spinosus Günther , 1887
- Polyipnus stereope Jordan & Starks , 1904
- Polyipnus surugaensis Aizawa , 1990
- Polyipnus tridentifer McCulloch , 1914
- Polyipnus triphanos Schultz , 1938
- Polyipnus unispinus Schultz , 1938
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Star optyx
- Sternoptyx diaphana Hermann , 1781
- Sternoptyx obscura Garman , 1899
- Sternoptyx pseudobscura Baird , 1971
- Sternoptyx pseudodiaphana Borodulina , 1977
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
- Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish . Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6
Web links
- Deep sea hatchet on Fishbase.org (English)