Johann Friedrich Gmelin

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Johann Friedrich Gmelin
Signature Johann Friedrich Gmelin.PNG
Grave of Johann Friedrich Gmelin and his wife in the Albani cemetery (Cheltenhampark) in Göttingen

Johann Friedrich Gmelin (born August 8, 1748 in Tübingen , † November 1, 1804 in Göttingen ) was a German physician and scientist . Its official botanical author abbreviation is " JFGmel. ".

Life

The eldest son Philipp Friedrich Gmelins and father of the chemist Leopold Gmelin studied medicine in Tübingen and obtained his doctorate in medicine in 1769. A study trip took him to Holland , England and Austria . For a short time he worked as an associate professor of medicine in Tübingen, before he followed an appointment as professor of philosophy and associate professor of medicine in Göttingen in 1773 . In 1774 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . In 1778 he was promoted to full professor of medicine and was also appointed professor of chemistry , botany and mineralogy . In the same year he was elected a full member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . In 1783 Gmelin set up one of the first "public" laboratories in his house on Hospitalstrasse, in which Friedrich Stromeyer first introduced a chemical internship for students in 1805.

Gmelin worked mainly as an author of textbooks on chemistry, pharmacy, mineralogy and botany. From 1788 he published an expanded edition of Carl von Linnés Systema Naturae , which he called the 13th edition. From a forestry point of view, his treatise on the worm dryness (1787), a careful description of the “great worm dryness”, is significant . This by a bark beetle - gradation caused calamity had the whole upper resin transformed into the first half of the 18th century in a nakedness. His students included Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer , Friedrich Stromeyer and Wilhelm August Lampadius . In 1794 he became an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg .

Johann Friedrich Gmelin is buried in the Albani cemetery (Cheltenhampark) in Göttingen.

Honors

The shrub-like growing wormwood -Art Artemisia gmelinii is named in honor of Johann Friedrich Gmelin.

Fonts (selection)

  • General history of poisons , 2 volumes, 1776/77 Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • General history of plant poisons . With Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe, Nuremberg 1777 (online) - (A reprint of the 2nd edition from 1803 was published by Dr. Martin Sendet oHG, Walluf near Wiesbaden 1974, ISBN 3-500-26320-8 )
  • General history of mineral poisons . Nuremberg: Raspe, 1777. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • The knight Carl von Linné's complete natural system of the mineral kingdom, according to the twelfth Latin edition . In a free and enlarged translation by JF Gmelin. 4 parts, Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe, Nuremberg 1777–1779, online .
  • Johann Friedrich Gmelins ... Introduction to chemistry for use at universities . - Nuremberg: Raspe, 1780. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • Contributions to the history of German mining , 1783
  • About the more recent discoveries in the theory of the air and its application to the art of medicine , 1784
  • Principles of technical chemistry , 1786
  • Treatise on worm drying , 1787
  • Caroli a Linné systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis ... Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata . Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig 1788–1793.
    • Volume 1: Regnum Animale :
      • Part 1: Mammalia . S. [x.] 1-232, 1788, online .
      • Part 2: Aves . Pp. 233-1032. [1789], online
      • Part 3: Amphibia and Pisces . Pp. 1033-1516, [1789], online
      • Part 4: Insecta . Pp. 1517-2224, [1790], online
      • Part 5: Insecta . Pp. 2225-3020, [1790], online
      • Part 6: Vermes . Pp. 3021-3910, [1791], online
      • Part 7: Index . Pp. 3911-4120. [1792], online
    • Volume 2: Regnum Vegetabile :
      • Part 1: Regnum Vegetabile . Pp. 1-884, 1791, online
      • Part 2: Regnum Vegetabile . Pp. 885-1661, [1792], online
    • Volume 3: Regnum Lapideum . Pp. 1-476, 3 panels, 1793, online
  • Ground plan of the mineralogy , 1790
  • Pharmacy floor plan , 1792
  • Apparatus Medicaminum tam simplicium quam praeparatorum et compositorum in Praxeos Adiumentum consideratus . Ps. 2, T. 1 - Ps. 2, T. 2. Goettingae: Dieterich, 1795 - 1796. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
  • History of Chemistry , 1799
  • General history of animal and mineral poisons , 1806

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Friedrich Gmelin  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Johann Friedrich Gmelin  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Member entry of Johann Friedrich Gmelin at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 8, 2016.
  2. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 93.
  3. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Johann Friedrich Gmelin. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 20, 2015 .
personal data
SURNAME Gmelin, Johann Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German botanist, zoologist and chemist
DATE OF BIRTH August 8, 1748
PLACE OF BIRTH Tübingen
DATE OF DEATH November 1, 1804
Place of death Goettingen