Black heads
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| Bonaparte , 1846 |
Blackheads (Alepocephalidae) are a family of deep-sea fish from the order Alepocephaliformes . They live in the eastern Atlantic , the Mediterranean , the western Indian Ocean and the Pacific , mostly at depths of 300 to 2000 meters.
features
They have a slim body and are four to four inches long. Their heads are scaly, and many species have a scaly rump. The teeth are usually small. The pectoral fins are supported by 7 to 18 fin rays. The number of Branchiostegal rays is 5 to 8, 12 in the arrow-shaped species Bathyprion danae . Black heads are mostly black (some species light blue) and have luminous organs .
Systematics
The black heads include 19 genera with almost 100 species.
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Alepocephalus
- Alepocephalus agassizii Goode & Bean , 1883
- Alepocephalus andersoni Fowler , 1934
- Alepocephalus antipodianus (Parrott , 1948)
- Alepocephalus asperifrons Garman , 1899
- Alepocephalus australis Barnard , 1923
- Alepocephalus bairdii Goode & Bean , 1879
- Alepocephalus bicolor Alcock , 1891
- Alepocephalus blanfordii Alcock , 1892
- Alepocephalus dentifer Sazonov & Ivanov , 1979
- Alepocephalus fundulus Garman , 1899
- Alepocephalus longiceps Lloyd , 1909
- Alepocephalus longirostris Okamura & Kawanishi , 1984
- Alepocephalus melas de Buen , 1961
- Alepocephalus owstoni Tanaka , 1908
- Alepocephalus planifrons Sazonov , 1993
- Alepocephalus productus Gill , 1883
- Alepocephalus rostratus Risso , 1820
- Alepocephalus tenebrosus Gilbert , 1892
- Alepocephalus triangularis Okamura & Kawanishi , 1984
- Alepocephalus umbriceps Jordan & Thompson , 1914
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Asquamiceps
- Asquamiceps caeruleus Markle , 1980
- Asquamiceps hjorti (Koefoed , 1927)
- Asquamiceps longmani Fowler , 1934
- Asquamiceps velaris Zugmayer , 1911
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Aulastomatomorpha
- Aulastomatomorpha phospherops Alcock , 1890
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Bajacalifornia
- Bajacalifornia aequatoris Miya & Markle , 1993
- Bajacalifornia arcylepis Markle & Krefft , 1985
- Bajacalifornia burragei Townsend & Nichols , 1925
- Bajacalifornia calcarata (Weber , 1913)
- Bajacalifornia erimoensis Amaoka & Abe , 1977
- Bajacalifornia megalops (Lütken , 1898)
- Bajacalifornia microstoma Sazonov , 1988
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Bathyprion
- Bathyprion danae Marshall , 1966
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Bathytroctes
- Bathytroctes breviceps Sazonov , 1999
- Bathytroctes elegans Sazonov & Ivanov , 1979
- Bathytroctes inspector Garman , 1899
- Bathytroctes macrognathus Sazonov , 1999
- Bathytroctes macrolepis (Koefoed , 1927)
- Bathytroctes michaelsarsi Koefoed , 1927
- Bathytroctes microlepis (Lloyd , 1909)
- Bathytroctes oligolepis (Krefft , 1970)
- Bathytroctes pappenheimi (Fowler , 1934)
- Bathytroctes squamosus Alcock , 1890
- Bathytroctes zugmayeri Fowler , 1974
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Conocara
- Conocara bertelseni Sazonov , 2002
- Conocara fiolenti Sazonov & Ivanov , 1979
- Conocara kreffti (Nielsen & Larsen , 1970)
- Conocara macropterum ( Vaillant , 1888)
- Conocara microlepis (Lloyd , 1909)
- Conocara murrayi (Koefoed , 1927)
- Conocara nigrum ( Günther , 1878)
- Conocara salmoneum ( Gill & Townsend , 1897)
- Conocara werneri Nybelin , 1947
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One macaw
- Einara edentula (Alcock , 1892)
- Einara macrolepis (Koefoed , 1927)
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Herwigia Nielsen , 1972
- Herwigia kreffti (Nielsen & Larsen , 1970)
- Leptochilichthys
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Leptoderma
- Leptoderma affinis Alcock , 1899
- Leptoderma lubricum Abe, Marumo & Kawaguchi , 1965
- Leptoderma macrophthalmum Byrkjedal, Poulsen & Galbraith , 2011
- Leptoderma macrops Vaillant , 1886
- Leptoderma ospesca Angulo et al. , 2016
- Leptoderma retropinna Fowler , 1943
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Microphotolepis
- Microphotolepis multipunctata Sazonov & Parin , 1977
- Microphotolepis schmidti (Angel & Verrier , 1931)
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Mirognathus
- Mirognathus normani Parr , 1951
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Narcetes
- Narcetes erimelas Alcock , 1890
- Narcetes kamoharai Okamura , 1984
- Narcetes lloydi Fowler , 1934
- Narcetes stomias (Gilbert , 1890)
- Narcetes wonderi Herre , 1934
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Photostylus
- Photostylus pycnopterus Beebe , 1933
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Rinoctes
- Rinoctes nasutus (Koefoed , 1927)
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Rouleina
- Rouleina attrita ( Vaillant , 1888)
- Rouleina danae (Marshall , 1966)
- Rouleina eucla Whitley , 1940
- Rouleina euryops Sazonov , 1999
- Rouleina guentheri ( Alcock , 1892)
- Rouleina livida ( brewer , 1906)
- Rouleina maderensis Maul , 1948
- Rouleina nuda (brewer , 1906)
- Rouleina squamilatera (Alcock , 1898)
- Rouleina watasei (Tanaka , 1909)
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Talismania
- Talismania antillarum ( Goode & Bean , 1896)
- Talismania aphos (Bussing , 1965)
- Talismania bifurcata (Parr , 1951)
- Talismania brachycephala Sazonov , 1981
- Talismania bussingi Sazonov , 1989
- Talismania filamentosa Okamura & Kawanishi , 1984
- Talismania homoptera ( Vaillant , 1888)
- Talismania kotlyari Sazonov & Ivanov , 1980
- Talismania longifilis (Brewer , 1902)
- Talismania mekistonema Sulak , 1975
- Talismania okinawensis Okamura & Kawanishi , 1984
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Xenodermichthys
- Xenodermichthys copei (Gill , 1884)
- Xenodermichthys nodulosus Günther , 1878
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson , Terry C. Grande, Mark VH Wilson: Fishes of the World. Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2016, ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ Byrkjedal, Poulsen & Galbraith (2011): Leptoderma macrophthalmum n.sp., a new species of smooth-head (Otocephala: Alepocephalidae) from the Mid Atlantic Ridge (PDF; 418 kB), Zootaxa 2876: 49–56.
Web links
Commons : Black Heads (Alepocephalidae) - Collection of images, videos and audio files
- Black Heads on Fishbase.org (English)