Bristle mouths

Bristle mouths
Gonostoma elongatum
Systematics
Subclass : Real bony fish (Teleostei) Overcohort : Clupeocephala Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha Sub-cohort : Stomiati Order : Maulstachler (Stomiiformes) Family : Bristle mouths
Scientific name
Gonostomatidae
Gill , 1893

The bristle mouths (Gonostomatidae, Syn . : Diplophidae) are inhabitants of the deep sea . The family consists of about 30 species in eight genera . They live in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian Oceans , and Cyclothones also in the Southern Ocean . In addition to the luminous fish genus Vinciguerria , Cyclothone is one of the two vertebrate genera in the world with the greatest number of individuals.

features

Many bristle mouths have a bizarre appearance, luminous organs that emit green or red light on the underside of the body and fangs in large, deeply split mouths. They have elongated but never strongly flattened bodies. Their length remains rather small at 2.9 to 20 centimeters. The number of vertebrae is 29 to 94. An adipose fin may be present or absent. The anal fin is elongated and is supported by 16 to 69 fin rays. The number of Branchiostegal rays is 12 to 16.

The cyclothones have only small teeth and snatch plankton crabs (for example copepods ) or strain them out of the water (if they are dense enough). Often the black animals have no scales.

Fossils of fish from the family Gonostomatidae were found in layers from the Miocene .

Genera and species

• 

  Bonapartia pedaliota (below) and Gonostoma elongatum

• 

  Cyclothone microdon

• 

  Cyclothone pallida

• 

  Diplophos taenia

• 

  Gonostoma denudatum

• 

  Margrethia obtusirostra

• 

  Sigmops bathyphilus

• 

  Sigmops gracilis

• Genus Bonapartia
  • Bonapartia pedaliota Goode & Bean, 1896 .
• Genus Cyclothone
  • Cyclothone acclinidens Garman , 1899 .
  • Cyclothone alba brewer , 1906 .
  • Cyclothone atraria Gilbert, 1905 .
  • Cyclothone brewery Jespersen & Tåning, 1926 .
  • Cyclothone kobayashii Miya, 1994 .
  • Cyclothone livida brewer, 1902 .
  • Cyclothone microdon Günther , 1878 .
  • Cyclothone obscura brewer, 1902 .
  • Cyclothone pallida brewer, 1902 .
  • Cyclothone parapallida Badcock, 1982 .
  • Cyclothone pseudopallida Mukhacheva, 1964 .
  • Cyclothone pygmaea Jespersen & Tåning, 1926 .
  • Cyclothone signata Garman, 1899 .
• Genus Diplophos
  • Diplophos australis Ozawa, Oda & Ida, 1990 .
  • Diplophos orientalis Matsubara, 1940 .
  • Diplophos pacificus (Mukhacheva, 1964) .
  • Diplophos rebainsi Krefft & Parin, 1972 .
  • Diplophos taenia Günther , 1873 .
• Genus Gonostoma
  • Gonostoma atlanticum Norman, 1930 .
  • Gonostoma denudatum Rafinesque , 1810 .
  • Gonostoma elongatum Günther, 1878 .
• Genus Manducus
  • Manducus greyae (Johnson, 1970) .
  • Manducus maderensis (Johnson, 1890) .
• Genus Margrethia
  • Margrethia obtusirostra Jespersen & Tåning, 1919 .
  • Margrethia valentinae Parin, 1982 .
• Genus Sigmops
  • Sigmops bathyphilus (Vaillant, 1884) .
  • Sigmops ebelingi Gray, 1960 .
  • Sigmops gracilis Günther, 1878 .
  • Sigmops longipinnis (Mukhacheva, 1972) .
• Genus Triplophos
  • Triplophos hemingi (McArdle, 1901) .

literature

• Joseph S. Nelson , Terry C. Grande, Mark VH Wilson: Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, 2016, ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6 .

Web links

Commons : bristle mouths  - collection of images, videos, and audio files

• Bristlemouths on Fishbase.org (English)