Arapaimidae

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Arapaimidae
Arapaima in the aquarium of the Cologne Zoo.

Arapaima in the aquarium of the Cologne Zoo .

Systematics
Class : Ray fins (Actinopterygii)
Subclass : Neuflosser (Neopterygii)
Subclass : Real bony fish (Teleostei)
Overcohort : Osteoglossomorpha (Osteoglossomorpha)
Order : Bony tongues (Osteoglossiformes)
Family : Arapaimidae
Scientific name
Arapaimidae
Bonaparte , 1846

The arapaimidae ( Syn . Arapaimatidae, Heterotidae) are a poor, only two genera extensive bony fish family from the order of Knochenzünglerartigen (Osteoglossiformes). The African bone-wolf occurs in tropical Africa south of the Sahel zone , from Senegal to Lake Turkana . Arapaimas live in the nutrient-rich rivers of the Amazon basin in northern South America .

features

The African bone-wolf reaches a body length of one meter, arapaimas are the longest freshwater fish in South America with a length of over two meters and are among the longest freshwater fish in the world. The body of both classes is in contrast to the laterally flattened body of the bonytongues i.eS (Osteoglossidae) in cross section more or less round. In contrast to these, they have no barbels and, with 7 to 11 Branchiostegal rays, they also have fewer Branchiostegal rays than the Bone Tongues i. e. S.

Way of life

Arapaimas are predatory fish that feed mainly on other fish, while the African bonesclaw feeds on plankton and detritus . While the bone-wolf i. e. S. are mouthbrooders, arapaimas built a pit in the bottom of the water to accommodate the spawn, while the African bone-wolf built a nest out of plant material. Both genera guard their brood.

External system

In the past, both genera were placed in the family of osteoglossids (Osteoglossidae). Today they are often placed in an independent family, the Arapaimidae ( Fishbase , Catalog of Fishes). Bone fish and Arapaimidae belong to the real bony fish (Teleostei) and there to the order of the bone fish (Osteoglossiformes). The American ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson , author of the standard work on fish systematics Fishes of the World , still counts the Arapaimidae as a subfamily Heterotidinae to a further defined family Osteoglossidae. Osteoglossidae i. e. S. and Arapaimidae are sister groups . In the latest revision of the bony fish system, the Arapaimidae have not been listed since 2014; their two genera are again included in the Osteoglossidae.

Genera and species

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Catalog of Fishes: Species by Family / Subfamily
  2. ↑ Y. Kumazawa, M. Nishida: Molecular phylogeny of osteoglossoids: a new model for Gondwanian origin and plate tectonic transportation of the Asian arowana. In: Mol Biol Evol. 17 (12), Dec 2000, pp. 1869-1878. (PDF)
  3. ↑ R. Betancur-R, E. Wiley, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, G. Ortí: Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3. ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / deepfin.bio.ou.edu
  4. ↑ DJ Stewart: Re-description of Arapaima agassizii (Valenciennes), a Rare Fish from Brazil (Osteoglossomorpha: Osteoglossidae). In: Copeia . (1), 2013, pp. 38–51. doi: 10.1643 / CI-12-013

Web links

Commons : Arapaimidae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files