Bone-wolf-like

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Bone-wolf-like
Leichhardts Bone Tongues (Scleropages leichardti)

Leichhardts Bone Tongues ( Scleropages leichardti )

Systematics
Sub-stem : Vertebrates (vertebrata)
Superclass : Jaw mouths (Gnathostomata)
Class : Ray fins (Actinopterygii)
Subclass : Neuflosser (Neopterygii)
Subclass : Real bony fish (Teleostei)
Overcohort : Bone-wolf-like
Scientific name
Osteoglossomorpha
Greenwood , Rosen , Weitzman & Myers , 1966

The osteoglossomorpha (osteoglossomorpha) are an overcohort of the real bony fish (Teleostei). The fish live in rivers and lakes in North America , tropical South America , Africa , Southeast Asia and Australia . Extinct osteoglossomorpha may also have lived in the sea.

features

The osteoglossomorpha include the Hiodontiformes and the Osteoglossiformes . Opinions differ about the common characteristic features because of different consideration of fossil forms (like Lycoptera ). By including features of each of the different fossils (depending on availability!) One can therefore arrive at different lists of the defining features (Wiley and Johnson 2010).

According to Hilton (2003): 1. Epipleuralia ( bones ) are absent. 2. 16 branched caudalis main rays (recently only in Arapaima ! Otherwise less in Osteoglossiformes). 3. An epurale is present (except for osteoglossiformes). 4. First praeural vertebra (PU 1) with well developed neural spine.

Zhang (2008) gives this list of synapomorphies: 1. Supraorbital (circumorbital bone dorsal to the eye) missing. 2. Posterior pore of the mandibular ( lateral line ) canal on the angular. 3. "Shear bite" between the tooth plate on the basihyal and pterygial teeth. 4. The neural mandrel of PU 2 is shorter than that of PU 3.

Wilson and Murray (2008) diagnose osteoglossomorpha through two synapomorphies: 1. An epural is present. 2. Infraorbital (= suborbital = circumorbital anterior to the eye) 2 smaller than Infr. 3, triangular or rectangular.

Systematics

In addition to two current orders, some extinct taxa still belong to the Osteoglossomorpha.

Lycoptera sp. †

swell

  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish , Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6 .
  • Hilton, EJ & Lavoué, S. (2018): A review of the systematic biology of fossil and living bony-tongue fishes, Osteoglossomorpha (Actinopterygii: Teleostei). Neotropical Ichthyology, 16 (3): Epub Oct 11, doi: 10.1590 / 1982-0224-20180031 .
  • EO Wiley & G. David Johnson: A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. in: Joseph S. Nelson, Hans-Peter Schultze & Mark VH Wilson: Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. 2010, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich. ISBN 978-3-89937-107-9 .

Web links

Commons : Osteoglossomorpha  - collection of images, videos and audio files