Narrow mouth tetra

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Narrow mouth tetra
Leporinus cf. fasciatus

Leporinus cf. fasciatus

Systematics
Overcohort : Clupeocephala
Cohort : Otomorpha
Sub-cohort : Ostariophysi
Otophysa
Order : Tetras (Characiformes)
Family : Narrow mouth tetra
Scientific name
Anostomidae
Günther , 1864

The anostomidae (Anostomidae) live in fast-flowing waters of South America and southern Central America , especially in the Orinoco and the Amazon basin as far as Mato Grosso . The family was named after the genus Anostomus , which has an upper mouth ( Gr .: "Ano" = above, "stoma" = mouth).

features

The fish have a small mouth that they cannot push forward. Her lips are bulging, the maxillary short, the wide, finely jagged teeth as rasp and molars. There is only one row of teeth per jaw. Their bodies are streamlined and elongated, only quite high back in the Abramites genus . Narrow-mouth tetra are often of a light basic color and have a striped pattern of vertical or horizontal, dark bands. The animals are 8 to 50 cm tall.

Way of life

Narrow mouth tetra are peaceful schooling fish that inhabit the bottom region of heavily vegetated waters. To get to their spawning grounds, some species undertake long hikes. Many species swim upside down and are therefore referred to as "headstanders" in aquarium circles.

External system

Within the Characins (Perciformes) the anostomidae together with the South American also headstanders (Chilodontidae) Breitlingssalmlern (Curimatidae) and Barbensalmlern (Prochilodontidae) a group which is guided by some researchers as a family "Anostomoidea". The Engmaulsalmler are in a sister group relationship to a clade of the three other families.

Internal system

There are 13 genera with more than 130 species:

Abramites hypselonotus
( Abramites hypselonotus )
Leporellus pictus
Banded Leporinus ( Leporinus fasciatus )
Leporinus friderici
Leporinus gossei

literature

Individual evidence

  1. Claudio Oliveira et al .: Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011, 11: 275 doi: 10.1186 / 1471-2148-11-275
  2. Sidlauskas, Brian L. & Vari, Richard P. (2008): Phylogenetic relationships within the South American fish family Anostomidae (Teleostei, Ostariophysi, Characiformes) . Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 154 (1): 70-210. doi: 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.2008.00407.x
  3. Ramirez, JL, Birindelli, JLO & Galetti Jr., PM: A New Genus of Anostomidae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes): Diversity, Phylogeny and Biogeography Based on Cytogenetic, Molecular and Morphological Data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, November 2016, doi: /10.1016/j.ympev.2016.11.012

Web links

Commons : Engmaulsalmler (Anostomidae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files