Black twists
| Black twists | ||||||||||||
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Chiasmodon niger , with swallowed prey fish |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Chiasmodontidae | ||||||||||||
| Gill , 1882 |
The black snakes (Chiasmodontidae) are predatory, 3 to 26 centimeters long deep-sea fish that are found in all oceans.
features
The mouth, which has long teeth that can be folded back, and the stomach are extremely flexible, so that prey that are larger than the black snakes themselves can be swallowed. The premaxillary and maxillary are elongated, slender and firmly fused distally . The premaxillary is enlarged dorsally at its tip . The palatine is also dentate. Chiasmodontidae have two separate dorsal fins, the first is short, with seven or eight flexible hard rays , the long second dorsal fin is supported by 18 to 29 segmented soft rays. The anal fin has a hard and 17 to 29 segmented soft rays. The number of vertebrae is 33 to 48. The genus Pseudoscopelus has luminous organs and is sometimes placed in its own family (Pseudoscopelidae).
Systematics
The Chiasmodontidae are related to mackerel and tuna and are assigned to the Scombriformes within the group of perch relatives (Percomorphaceae) .
There are 4 genera with 32 species .
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Chiasmodon Johnson, 1864
- Chiasmodon asper Melo, 2009
- Chiasmodon braueri Weber, 1913
- Chiasmodon harteli Melo, 2009
- Chiasmodon microcephalus Norman, 1929 .
- Chiasmodon niger Johnson, 1864
- Chaismodon pluriradiatus Parr, 1933
- Chiasmodon subniger Garman , 1899
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Dysalotus MacGilchrist, 1905
- Dysalotus alcocki MacGilchrist, 1905
- Dysalotus oligoscolus Johnson & Cohen, 1974
- Dysalotus pouliulii Melo, 2016
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Kali Lloyd, 1909
- Kali colubrina Melo, 2008
- Kali falx Melo, 2008
- Kali indica Lloyd, 1909
- Kali kerberti (Weber, 1913)
- Kali macrodon (Norman, 1929)
- Kali macrura (Parr, 1933)
- Kali parri Johnson & Cohen, 1974
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Pseudoscopelus Lütken, 1892
- Pseudoscopelus altipinnis Parr, 1933
- Pseudoscopelus aphos Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2005
- Pseudoscopelus astronesthidens Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006
- Pseudoscopelus australis Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006
- Pseudoscopelus bothrorrhinos Melo, Walker & Klepadlo, 2007
- Pseudoscopelus cephalus Fowler, 1934
- Pseudoscopelus cordilluminatus Melo, 2010
- Pseudoscopelus lavenbergi Melo, Walker & Klepadlo, 2007
- Pseudoscopelus obtusifrons (Fowler, 1934)
- Pseudoscopelus odontoglossum Melo, 2010
- Pseudoscopelus parini Prokofiev & Kukuev, 2006
- Pseudoscopelus paxtoni Melo, 2010
- Pseudoscopelus sagamianus Tanaka, 1908
- Pseudoscopelus scriptus Lütken, 1892
- Pseudoscopelus scutatus Krefft, 1971
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ et al. 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Kurt Fiedler: Fish (= textbook of special zoology. Vol. 2: Vertebrates. Part. 2). Gustav Fischer, Jena 1991, ISBN 3-334-00338-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ ( Gr . :) chiasma = cross, odous = tooth - because of the position of the teeth with the mouth closed "as closely as possible".
- ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R., Richard E. Broughton, Edward O. Wiley, Kent Carpenter, J. Andrés López, Chenhong Li, Nancy I. Holcroft, Dahiana Arcila, Millicent Sanciangco, James C Cureton II, Feifei Zhang, Thaddaeus Buser, Matthew A. Campbell, Jesus A Ballesteros, Adela Roa-Varon, Stuart Willis, W. Calvin Borden, Thaine Rowley, Paulette C. Reneau, Daniel J. Hough, Guoqing Lu, Terry Grande, Gloria Arratia, Guillermo Ortí: The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life. 2013 Apr 18. Edition 1. doi: 10.1371 / currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288 , PDF ( Memento of the original from October 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Black Schlinger on Fishbase.org (English)