Lightship Elbe 1
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Elbe 1 (last Elbe ) was a lightship and a lightship position in front of the Elbe estuary . From 1816 to 1939 this was 54 ° 0'00 "north, 8 ° 16'00" east . Since 1945, it was due to the changed driving water at 54 ° 0 '0 " N , 8 ° 10' 40" O .
Overview
The following lightships were deployed in position Elbe 1 :
- 1816–1824: starfish
- 1825–1826: Bernhardus
- 1826-1845: Jacob Hinrich
- 1845-1858: Caspar
- 1858-1858: Neptune
- 1858–1879: Caspar
- 1879–1892: Gustav-Heinrich
- 1892–1912: Mayor Kirchenpauer
- 1912–1914: Mayor O'Swald I
- 1914–1918: Unoccupied during the First World War
- 1918–1936: Mayor O'Swald I
- 1936–1939: Norderney I
- 1939–1945: Unoccupied during World War II
- 1945–1948: Norderney I
- 1948–1988: Mayor O'Swald II
- 1988–1999: UFS II (unmanned)
- since January 2000 this position has only been marked with a light barrel .
Used ships
Signal ship Starfish
The Seestern was the first signal ship (lightship) on this position, it was laid out in 1816. On December 26, 1824, this ship sank in heavy seas. Eight crew members and two pilots were killed. The ship could not be saved. Their lives lost in the sinking:
- Helmsman Johann HC Bernitt
- Helmsman JJ Schwartau
- Ship carpenter Christ Hermsen
- Ship carpenter Heinrich Matzen
- Sailor Ludwig Stranger
- Seaman Markus Köster
- Sailor Claus Paulsen
- Cook Wilhelm Wärnecke
- Pilot J.H. Glahn
- Pilot Gerd Jacks
Replacement signal ship Bernhardus
As a replacement for the lost starfish , the pilot ship Bernhardus , built in 1787, was converted into a replacement signal ship and put into service in early 1825. Immediately after the completion of the new Jacob Hinrich lightship , the Berhardus was drafted again in December 1826.
Lightship Jacob Hinrich
The 27 m long wooden ship with a crew of 10, built in 1826 at the Johann Hinrich von Somm shipyard in Hamburg , was first laid out at the end of 1826. It was named after the deserved pilot captain Jacob-Hinrich Benöhr from Cuxhaven . After its replacement on Elbe 1 in 1845, it performed its service on the Elbe 3 station, among others . After a few years as a reserve lightship, it was sold to the Rickmers shipyard in Geestemünde to be scrapped in 1901 .
In 1834 the ship's cook was struck by lightning on board the ship . Shortly afterwards, lightning rods were installed on the masts.
Lightship Caspar
The ship, which was also built at the Johann Hinrich von Somm shipyard in 1845 , was named after the Hamburg Senator Caspar Hartung . After its use at station Elbe 1 , it was laid out at stations Elbe 2 and Elbe 4 until March 1911 . After its decommissioning, it was sold to the Hamburg dealer JD Schlichting . Its whereabouts are unclear; it was probably scrapped.
Lightship Neptune
The lightship Neptun was built in 1858 at the Godeffroy shipyard in Hamburg with hull number 39. It was 29.65 m long and 6.60 m wide; with a draft of 3.00 m it had a displacement of 220 GRT . In 1858 this ship only gave a brief guest performance of 7 months on Elbe 1 , after which it was u. a. used on Elbe 2 , Elbe 4 and Elbe 3 . From 1900 it was a reserve lightship or wreck lightship for over 50 years until it was sold to the Hamburg shipyard Beckedorf for demolition in 1951 .
Lightship Gustav-Heinrich
The lightship built in 1879 at the HC Stülcken shipyard in Hamburg under construction number 26 had a length of 29.30 m and a width of 6.88 m. It was named after Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer (February 2, 1808, † March 4, 1887). From 1858 to 1864 he was bailiff of the Ritzebüttel office , today part of Cuxhaven. This lightship was a wooden three-masted gaff schooner .
This ship was laid out in 1879 at the Elbe 1 station , after its replacement in 1892 it was a reserve lightship until it was decommissioned in 1928 and sold to the Hugo Peters shipyard in Beidenfleth for scrapping .
Lightship Mayor Kirchenpauer
The iron three-masted schooner mayor Kirchenpauer was built in 1892 at the Johann Lange shipyard in Bremen-Vegesack with construction number 340. The construction costs at that time were 162,000 Reichsmarks . The ship was 43.50 m long and 7.04 m wide; it had a draft of 3.40 m and measured 222 GRT . As with the predecessor ship, it was named after Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer .
It was laid out from 1892 to 1912 at station Elbe 1 ; until its decommissioning in 1952 it provided u. a. the service on the stations Elbe 5 (1912-1914) and Elbe 4 (1919-1939). In 1953 it was sold to the Klein company in Leer to be scrapped .
In 1899, the later Nobel Prize winner Ferdinand Braun (1850–1918) made his first successful attempts at wireless telegraphy between the Cuxhaven lighthouse and the lightship ELBE 1 .
Lightship Mayor O'Swald I
The 52.70 meter long and 7.70 meter wide lightship (with bowsprit ) was built in 1911 with hull number 223 at the Szczecin shipyard Nüscke & Co. AG . It had a draft of about 4 meters and a displacement of 415 GRT; the fire was 16.2 meters above the waterline and could be seen up to 13 nautical miles. In 1918 the ship was put into service at position Elbe 1. The identifier was: 8 seconds flashing - 20 seconds pause (return: 28 seconds).
The drive consisted of a four-cylinder two - stroke diesel engine with around 220 hp, so it reached a maximum speed of 9 knots.
The namesake, Mayor William Henry O'Swald, was a meritorious long-time President of the Deputation for Trade, Shipping and Industry of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.
On October 27, 1936, the mayor O'Swald I capsized at 1.40 p.m. in a severe hurricane in this position. All 15 crew members were killed. It was the world's worst disaster in the history of the lightship. Eyewitness to the accident was the captain of the English steamer The President , who ran towards the Elbe, and observed that Mayor O'Swald I was hit on the port side by a heavy sea and turned to starboard. The ship sank in the grinding sand and could never be lifted.
Lost your life:
- Captain Friedrich Lösekann (born March 22, 1897)
- Machinist Hans Feldhusen (born December 18, 1900)
- Radio operator Albert Sawatzki (born June 30, 1891)
- Radio operator Ernst Heuck (born December 23, 1907)
- Sailor Willi Darr (born July 2, 1903)
- Sailor Karl Debrodt (born September 16, 1904)
- Sailor Joseph Dörr (born June 18, 1895)
- Sailor Gustav Grams (born December 16, 1894)
- Sailor Wilhelm Kröncke (born June 24, 1901)
- Sailor Johann Lau (born February 18, 1891)
- Sailor Claus Mahler (born October 30, 1886)
- Sailor Claus Mink (born February 16, 1887)
- Engine attendant Paul Krauser (born July 10, 1911)
- Engine attendant Karl Kühle (born April 21, 1893)
- Chef Walter Ahlf (born February 15, 1910).
Lightship Norderney I
Norderney I was launched in 1906 with construction number 157 at AG Weser in Bremen . The commissioning took place on March 13, 1907, the construction costs amounted to 345,000 marks . She was not taken out of service until September 23, 1981. Its fire was 15.9 m above the waterline and had a range of 24 nautical miles .
At the time of the serious misfortune of Mayor O'Swald I , the Norderney I was scheduled to be the reserve lightship for the Elbe 1 and Norderney stations. So it was first deployed to position Elbe 1 from 1936 to 1939, before it was moved further up to Elbe 2 as a war measure until 1945. From 1945 to 1948 she was back at the old Elbe 1 station. The lightship is now at Bontekai in Wilhelmshaven on the Kaiser Wilhelm Bridge and is maintained as a museum ship .
- Dimensions
- Length: 46.00 m
- Width: 7.80 m
- Draft: 4.58 m
- Side height: 5.53 m
- Weight: 790 t
- Diesel engine power: 150 hp
- Speed: 7 kn
Lightship Mayor O'Swald II
The last manned lightship on this position, the Mayor O'Swald II , was built at Meyer Werft in Papenburg with construction no. S 436 made of riveted steel. The planned construction costs amounted to 1,500,000 RM in 1935; the actual construction costs in 1948 amounted to 1,513,628.17 DM . With a length of 57.30 m it was the largest lightship in the world.
Dimensions
- Length with bowsprit : 57.30 m
- Length zdL: 49 m
- Width: 9.55 m
- Side height: 6.05 m
- Draft: 4.72 m
- Measurement: 641 GRT
- Displacement: 1000 t
- Engine output: 368 kW / 500 PS - from 1970 480 kW / 650 PS
resume
- The order was placed on February 13, 1939
- Keel laid on September 4, 1941
- Launched on June 2, 1943
- Test drive on October 14, 1948
- First interpretation on November 7, 1948
- Final acceptance on December 15, 1948
- Decommissioned on April 22, 1988
- Museum lightship in Cuxhaven on June 3, 1990
Lighting
The optics were a belt lens made by Wilhelm Weule in Goslar . At a fire height of 15 m above the waterline, the fire from the 2000 watt lamp could be seen over 23 nautical miles . The ID was 5 sec. bright - 5 sec. dark; So 10 seconds in sync. The ship also had an air-mist sound transmitter . The acoustic identification of the ship in Morse code was: short-short-long-short-short (..– ..) .
crew
While the manning level in 1948 was 27 people in three shifts of 9 men, when the company was decommissioned in 1988 there were only 12 men who did their work every 14 days.
Whereabouts
Today this ship is owned by the city of Cuxhaven and is part of the lightship association ELBE 1 von 2001 e. V. Cuxhaven for restoration, maintenance and as a museum. Since the ship is seaworthy, it is subject to the supervision of Germanischer Lloyd and is equipped with modern nautical equipment. It also meets the requirements of the See-Berufsgenossenschaft . It goes for invitations to various festivals on the North and Baltic Sea coasts.
A trip led to England in autumn 2005, and guests were also allowed to come along. The ride is offered on numerous day tours.
Upon request, the ship can also be used as a registry office. The ceremony takes place in the nautical furnished small officers' mess, which can seat around 10 people.
Incidents
During her more than 40 years of service, Mayor O'Swald II was rammed by other vehicles over 50 times. This makes it the most frequently rammed lightship in Europe.
In 1970 the Argentine freighter Rio Carcarano rammed the ship, despite the greatest damage and severe water ingress, the ship was able to return to its position seven months later. This collision, described as the worst of all collisions, caused repair costs of 1.6 million DM (818,067 euros) and almost led to the ship's sinking.
UFS FS2
In 1988 the 26 meter long unmanned lightship (UFS) named FS2 was laid out in this position . The ship was 6.5 meters wide and had a draft of 2.70 meters. The height of the fire above the waterline was 14 meters and the range of the fire was 17 nautical miles . A three-phase generator , driven by two diesel engines of 11 kilowatts each, generated the electricity required for the on-board electrics and electronics. The fuel reserves of 18 tons made an independent deployment time of up to 15 months possible. The FS2 was centrally controlled remotely.
The ship capsized during hurricane Anatol on the night of December 4, 1999 in heavy seas. Due to the considerable damage to the hull and the entire technology, repairs were not carried out and the UFS FS2 was scrapped. With this accident, the 184-year-old era of lightships at position Elbe 1 ended . Since then, a red and white light buoy with a ball top mark has marked the location now known as the Elbe position.
In art
Both the painter Hans Nordmann and Ole West have immortalized the (last) lightship Elbe 1 in their works. Helga Feddersen named the lightship in the title of her television film Four Hours from Elbe 1 . The rock band Element of Crime once again quoted this film with their song Four hours before Elbe 1 shortly after Feddersen's death.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Data sheet at Leuchtturm-Atlas.de , accessed December 7, 2010
- ↑ Bookings for trips. In: elbe-1.de. Retrieved July 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Lightship capsized again in position "Elbe" , December 4, 1999