Steerbars

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Steerbars
Kyphosus sp.

Kyphosus sp.

Systematics
Sub-cohort : Neoteleostei
Acanthomorphata
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Order : Sunfish-like (Centrarchiformes)
Family : Steerbars
Scientific name
Kyphosidae
Gill , 1893

The sea chub (Kyphosidae), including pilot perch or rowing perch called, live in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific , mostly in temperate zones such as the coasts of South Australia, as well as in tropical regions.

features

Steerable fish grow to be 15 to 90 centimeters long, depending on the species. They have 24 to 28 vertebrae, only 34 in Graus nigra . Like the butterfly fish, they have a narrow, high-backed body and a terminal mouth with many small teeth. Particularly the species of the subfamily Microcanthinae see butterfly fish confusingly similar, while the types of stone bream (Scorpidinae) the bream are similar (Bramidae) and the types of girellinae (Girellinae) and the authentics sea chub (Kyphosinae) on rabbit fish remember (Siganidae).

The species of the subfamilies Girellinae and Kyphosinae are herbivores, with the exception of the genus Graus , which mostly graze on algae . All other species eat bottom-dwelling invertebrates .

Steerable fish are free spawners and gather in large schools to reproduce on steep reef slopes. The juvenile fish initially live in mangrove areas , algae meadows or stay under floating algae stocks or other floating debris before they join the swarms of adults.

Systematics

The steerable perch are divided into four subfamilies ( Fishbase ), the steerable perch in the narrow sense (Kyphosinae), the rodent perch (Girellinae), the striped butterflyfish (Microcanthinae) and the brushfish (Scorpidinae). Nelson also places the South African perch fish Parascorpis typus in the family of the steerable fish (subfamily Parascorpidinae). Usually, however, it is assigned to an independent family. Some authors give all subfamilies the rank of families (Carpenter, Kuiter), Betancur-R. and employees take this step in their new system of bony fish only for the rodent perch (Girellidae).

In the following, the 14 species of the subfamily Kyphosinae are listed, which after a revision only consists of the genera Kyphosus and Neoscorpis . The other subfamilies are presented in their own articles.

Kyphosus bigibbus
Kyphosus ocyurus

The steerable i. w. S. are probably not a monophylum , but their core group (steerable perch i. E. S. (Kyphosinae)) is related to the rodent perch (Girellinae) and form a monophyletic group with these as well as the beaked perches (Oplegnathidae), the groupers (Terapontidae) and flag tails (Kuhliidae) , which in the new systematics of bony fish according to R. Betancur-R. et al. (2013) was initially classified as the order Terapontiformes; In 2014 this was integrated as the suborder Terapontoidei in the now significantly expanded order Centrarchiformes . Further research will have to clarify whether this also includes striped butterflyfish and brushfish.

literature

  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • Rudie H. Kuiter , Helmut Debelius : Atlas of the marine fish. Kosmos-Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-440-09562-2 .
  • Kent E. Carpenter & Volker H. Niem: FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific , Volume 5 Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 1992, Rome, FAO . 1999. pp. 2069-2790. PDF

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Family - Jutjaws on Fishbase.org (English)
  2. ↑ a b Ricardo Betancur-R., Richard E. Broughton, Edward O. Wiley, Kent Carpenter, J. Andrés López, Chenhong Li, Nancy I. Holcroft, Dahiana Arcila, Millicent Sanciangco, James C Cureton II, Feifei Zhang, Thaddaeus Buser, Matthew A. Campbell, Jesus A Ballesteros, Adela Roa-Varon, Stuart Willis, W. Calvin Borden, Thaine Rowley, Paulette C. Reneau, Daniel J. Hough, Guoqing Lu, Terry Grande, Gloria Arratia, Guillermo Ortí: The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life. 2013. Edition 1. doi: 10.1371 / currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288 , PDF ( Memento of the original from October 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Betancur-R, R., E. Wiley, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, and G. Ortí. 2014. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3 ( Archived copy ( memento of the original from August 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / currents.plos.org
     @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deepfin.org
  3. ^ Steen Wilhelm Knudsen & Kendall D. Clements: Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Zootaxa 3751 (1): 001-101 (24 December 2013), doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3751.1.1 , ISSN  1175-5334
  4. ↑ Thomas J. Near, Michael Sandel, Kristen L. Kuhn, Peter J. Unmack, Peter C. Wainwright, Wm. Leo Smith: Nuclear gene-inferred phylogenies resolve the relationships of the enigmatic Pygmy Sunfishes, Elassoma (Teleostei: Percomorpha). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63 (2012) 388-395, doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2012.01.011

Web links

Commons : controllable fish  - collection of images, videos and audio files