Shark catfish

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Shark catfish
Pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Pangasius ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus )

Systematics
Overcohort : Clupeocephala
Cohort : Otomorpha
Sub-cohort : Ostariophysi
Otophysa
Order : Catfish (Siluriformes)
Family : Shark catfish
Scientific name
Pangasiidae
Bleeker , 1858

The shark catfish or slim catfish (Pangasiidae) are a family of fish from the order of the catfish-like (Siluriformes). They include 29 recent and two fossil species in five genera (one of which is fossil), the range of which extends from India via rear India to Indonesia , with most species in the Mekong and Mae Nam Chao Phraya ( Chao Phraya River ) and Borneo occurrence. Most of the species are pureFreshwater fish , only Pangasius pangasius and Pangasius kunyit , are also found in brackish water or even salt water . Many species are of great importance in the local fishery , some are also grown in aquaculture . The most important food fish are the pangasius ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ) and pangasius bocourti , which are also marketed frozen worldwide. In the wild, some species are in decline, the Mekong giant catfish ( Pangasianodon gigas ) and Pangasius sanitwongsei are considered to be critically endangered.

Distribution area of ​​the shark catfish

features

Shark catfish have a scaly, elongated, laterally flattened body. The short dorsal fin sits far forward on the body and has one or two hard rays and five to seven soft rays. A small adipose fin , which is always separated from the caudal fin , is present. The anal fin is elongated with 26 to 46 soft rays. The ribs number 39 to 52. Most species are medium-sized to large fish that reach body lengths of about half a meter to a little over a meter. The Mekong giant catfish and the species Pangasius pangasius and Pangasius sanitwongsei reach lengths of up to three meters and are among the largest freshwater fish in the world. Important distinguishing features between the genera and species are, in addition to the size and possibly existing drawing of the animals, the teeth of the palate, the structure of the swim bladder and the gill trap as well as the number of soft rays of the anal fin.

Way of life

Most species are freshwater fish that migrate between the spawning and feeding grounds depending on the water level. The food spectrum for most species is diverse and includes various invertebrates, fish and plants. In addition to generalists, there are also food specialists. The genus Helicophagus specializes in molluscs , Pangasius sanitwongsei is a pure predatory fish and adult Mekong catfish are pure herbivores.

Systematics

This article or section needs revision: The cladogram was probably blindly copied here. Please check, "free" from the box because of unwanted text breaks and break and indent the source text as usual.
Please help to improve it , and then remove this flag.

Relationship of the recent shark catfish
 Shark catfish (Pangasiidae) 

 Pangasianodon 

Pangasius ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus )


   

Mekong giant catfish ( Pangasianodon gigas )



 Pseudolais 

Pseudolais micronemus


   

Pseudolais pleurotaenia




   
 Helicophagus 


Helicophagus leptorhynchus


   

Helicophagus waandersii



   

Helicophagus typus



 Pangasius 

Pangasius lithostoma


   



Pangasius humeralis


   

Pangasius nieuwenhuisii



   

Pangasius kinabatanganensis


   

Pangasius polyuranodon


   

Pangasius macronema





   

Pangasius rheophilus


   

Pangasius bocourti


   

Pangasius Djambal



   

Pangasius conchophilus


   

Pangasius nasutus


   

Pangasius pangasius


   

Pangasius kunyit



Template: Klade / Maintenance / 3

   

Pangasius krempfi


   

Pangasius larnaudii


   

Pangasius sanitwongsei


Template: Klade / Maintenance / 3Template: Klade / Maintenance / 4Template: Klade / Maintenance / 5Template: Klade / Maintenance / 6Template: Klade / Maintenance / 7




Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style
Cladogram of the shark catfish described up to 2000 according to Pouyard et al., 2000

The shark catfish comprise four recent genera with a total of 29 species . Molecular biological studies indicate that the genera Pangasianodon and Pseudolais are more closely related than with the genera Pangasius and Helicophagus .

literature

  • Tyson R. Roberts, Chavalit Vidthayanon: Systematic revision of the Asian catfish family Pangasiidae, with biological observations and descriptions of three new species . In: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. tape 143 , 1991, pp. 97-144 (English).
  • Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the world . 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken 2006, ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9 , pp. 183 .
  • Carl J. Ferraris, Jr .: Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalog of siluriform primary types . In: Zootaxa . tape 1418 , 2007, p. 1–628 (English, acnatsci.org [PDF]).

Web links

Commons : Shark Catfish  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b L. Pouyard, GG Teugels, R. Gustiano, M. Legendre: Contribution to the phylogeny of pangasiid catfishes based on allozymes and mitochondrial DNA . In: Journal of Fish Biology . tape 56 , 2000, pp. 1509-1538 (English).
  2. ↑ Dwivedi, AK, Gupta, BK, Singh, RK, Mohindra, V., Chandram S., Easawarn, S., Jena, J. & Lal, KK (2017): Cryptic diversity in the Indian clade of the catfish family Pangasiidae resolved by the description of a new species. Hydrobiologia, April 2017. doi: 10.1007 / s10750-017-3198-z