Pangasius (genus)
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Pangasius pangasius (copper engraving in the first description) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pangasius | ||||||||||||
| Cuvier & Valenciennes , 1840 |
The genus Pangasius from the shark catfish family comprises 22 recent species as well as a fossil known species. The species occur in Southeast Asia from India to China and Indonesia and colonize various rivers. Only P. pangasius and P. krempfi are found in brackish water . Most species are omnivores with varying degrees of specialization in different diets. In the Mekong region in particular , the pangasius species play a major role in commercial fishing . A number of species are also bred in aquaculture . The edible fish , mainly known as “ pangasius ” in the German-speaking area , is now part of the genus Pangasianodon .
Features and systematics
The Pangasius species show the typical physique of the shark catfish with a scaleless, elongated body, short dorsal fin with a spiky pronounced hard ray and long anal fin. The size of the species ranges from 20 to 300 cm in length. The back of the body is usually dark gray to almost black, often with a metallic sheen or sky blue, blue-gray or blue-green in color, the belly is usually whitish, the fins are often dark. Most species have no drawings. Important features for differentiating the species are the shape of the head, the length of the barbels , the shape of the dentition of the roof of the mouth on the palatine bone and ploughshare , the shape of the swim bladder , the number of rays on the first arch of the gill trap , the number of soft rays of the anal fin as well any processes or enlarged glands on the humerus .
The Pangasius species differ from the genus Helicophagus in that they have significantly wider skulls and mouths as well as their teeth. They can be distinguished from the genera Pangasianodon and Pseudolais by excluding the characteristics that characterize these genera. They show neither the combination of (1) missing barbels on the lower jaw and teeth in the adult stage, nor a single-lobed swim bladder ( Pangasianodon , with P. hypophtalmus and P. gigas ) nor (2) a four-lobed swim bladder with a segmented fourth lobe ( Pseudolais with P. micronemus and P.pleurotaenia ).
In some studies, Pangasianodon and Pseudolais are listed as sub-genera of the genus Pangasius , but molecular biological studies support the division.
species
Recent species:
- Pangasius bocourti Sauvage, 1880 - up to 120 cm, Mekong and Mae Nam Chao Phraya ( Chao Phraya River )
- Pangasius conchophilus Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991 - up to 120 cm, Mekong, Bangpakong and Chao Phraya
- Pangasius djambal Bleeker , 1846 - up to 90 cm, Mekong, Malaysia, Indonesia
- Pangasius elongatus Pouyaud, Gustiano & Teugels, 2002 - up to 60 cm, Mekong, Bangpakong and Chao Phraya
- Pangasius humeralis Roberts, 1989 to 40 cm, Kapuas River (Borneo)
- Pangasius kinabatanganensis Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991 - up to 24 cm, catchment area of Kinabatangan (Borneo)
- Pangasius krempfi Fang & Chaux, 1949 - up to 120 cm, Mekong and coastal waters of Southeast Asia
- Pangasius kunyit Pouyaud, Teugels & Legendre, 1999 - up to 70 cm, Sumatra, Borneo, Mekong Delta
- Pangasius larnaudii Bocourt , 1866 - up to 130 cm, Mekong and Chao Phraya
- Pangasius lithostoma Roberts, 1989 - up to 25 cm, Kapuas River (Borneo)
- Pangasius macronema Bleeker , 1851 - up to 20 cm, Mekong, Chao Phraya, Java and Borneo
- Pangasius mahakamensis Pouyaud, Gustiano & Teugels, 2002 - up to 18 cm, Borneo
- Pangasius mekongensis Gustiano, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003 - Mekong
- Pangasius myanmar Roberts & Vidthayanon, 1991 - up to 23 cm, Rangoon River (Myanmar)
- Pangasius nasutus ( Bleeker , 1863) - up to 90 cm
- Pangasius nieuwenhuisii ( Popta , 1904) - up to 60 cm, Mahakam River (Borneo)
- Pangasius pangasius ( Hamilton , 1822) - up to 300 cm, India to Myanmar ( type species as synonym P. buchanani )
- Pangasius polyuranodon Bleeker , 1852 - up to 80 cm, Sumatra and Borneo
- Pangasius rheophilus Pouyaud & Teugels, 2000 - to 78 cm, Indonesia
- Pangasius sabahensis Gustiano, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003 - North Borneo
- Pangasius sanitwongsei Smith, 1931 - up to 300 cm, Mekong and Chao Phraya
- Pangasius silasi Dwivedi et al., 2017 , Krishna river in the south of India
Fossil type:
- Pangasius indicus (Marck, 1876)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b J. Ferraris, Jr .: Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalog of siluriform primary types . In: Zootaxa . tape 1418 , 2007, p. 1–628 (English, acnatsci.org [PDF]).
- ↑ a b c T.R. Roberts, C. Vidthayanon: Systematic revision of the Asian catfish family Pangasiidae, with biological observations and descriptions of three new species. In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 143 , 1991, pp. 97-144 (English).
- ↑ L. Pouyard, GG Teugels, R. Gustiano, M. Legendre: Contribution to the phylogeny of pangasiid catfishes based on allozymes and mitochondrial DNA . In: Journal of Fish Biology . tape 56 , 2000, pp. 1509-1538 (English).
- ↑ Pangasius on Fishbase.org (English)
- ↑ Dwivedi, AK, Gupta, BK, Singh, RK, Mohindra, V., Chandram S., Easawarn, S., Jena, J. & Lal, KK (2017): Cryptic diversity in the Indian clade of the catfish family Pangasiidae resolved by the description of a new species. Hydrobiologia, April 2017. doi: 10.1007 / s10750-017-3198-z