Perch
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Script perch ( Serranus scriba ), underwater photo from the Mediterranean Sea , off Calvi (Corsica). |
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| Serranidae | ||||||||||||
| Swainson , 1839 |
The saw perch ( Serranidae) are a family of small to medium-sized marine fish from the order of the perch-like (Perciformes). With around 300 species, they are among the most species-rich fish families. Almost all sawfish live near the coast in tropical and subtropical regions of all oceans. Most species live in shallower water above 300 meters, only a few below. As a subfamily, the group of sawfish also includes the brightly colored, mostly reddish-colored anthias (Anthiadinae), which are among the most common fish on the outer reef slopes , while the imposing groupers are regarded as an independent family in recent scientific publications.
features
Sawfish are small to medium-sized fish. Their size ranges from 6 centimeters for various species that remain small to 66 cm long black sawfish ( Centropristis striata ) which can weigh up to 4.3 kilograms. There are three thorns on the gill cover , a central large one and a small one above and below. The gill cover is finely serrated. The sideline is complete and does not extend to the caudal fin. In some anthias it follows the base of the dorsal fin, in one species it is absent. The dorsal fin is usually continuous, the hard and soft part can be separated from each other by an indentation. Your front part is supported by seven to ten (13 in Acanthistius ) spines. The anal fin has three spines, the pelvic fins one thorn and five soft rays. The caudal fin is rounded, spade-shaped or sickle-shaped, rarely forked. The fins of many male anthers are long. The lower jaw protrudes in many species. There are usually 24 vertebrae and 25 to 28 in the anthias. The number of Branchiostegal rays is seven. Many species are brightly colored, many serve as food fish.
Way of life
Most species are found in coral reef areas and on the coasts of tropical and subtropical waters. The real groupers and groupers feed on fish, cephalopods and crustaceans , the anthias on zooplankton . All of the species examined are hermaphrodites . Most hermaphrodites staggered in time, becoming sexually mature as males and later transforming into females. Some species e.g. B. those of the Hamlet perch ( Hypoplectrus ), are simultaneous hermaphrodites, i. H. have simultaneously functioning female and male gonads . Self-fertilization does not take place as only eggs or sperm are released during a spawning process. Simultaneous hermaphroditism is considered to be more primitive than the temporally staggered hermaphroditism. Large perch produce large amounts of spawn . The larvae are planktonic and can be transported to suitable habitats by the ocean currents.
External system
The saw perch are placed in the order of the perch-like (Perciformes) and belong there to the suborder Serranoidei.
Internal system
After the groupers and the subfamilies related to them were hived off, only two subfamilies and two species that could not previously be assigned to any subfamily belong to the group of saw basses.
- Sawfish family (Serranidae)
- Subfamily Anthias (Anthiadinae)
- Subfamily Actual combers (Serraninae)
For Caesioscorpis theagenes and Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos , two types of perch originally placed in a subfamily without being assigned to the sawbass, separate, monotypical families were introduced at the beginning of March 2020 , the Caesioscorpididae and the Hemilutjanidae.
Tribal history
The perch are well known in fossils . Prolates was found in the Upper Cretaceous and in the Paleocene of Europe, Dapalis from the Paleocene to the Miocene. Acanus , Amphiperca , Balbe , Palaeoperca , Priacanthopsis , Properca and Smerdis are extinct genera from the Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene. Fossils of the Serranus genus, which lives today, have been known since the Miocene or from the Middle Eocene to recently.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ma, KY & Craig, MT: An Inconvenient Monophyly: An Update on the Taxonomy of the Groupers (Epinephelidae). Copeia 106 (3): 443-456. 2018. doi: 10.1643 / CI-18-055
- ↑ Charlotte Schoelinck, Damien D. Hinsinger, Agnès Dettaï, Corinne Cruaud, Jean-Lou Justine: A Phylogenetic Re-Analysis of Groupers with Applications for Ciguatera Fish Poisoning. PLOS ONE , 2014, doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0098198
- ↑ Smith, WL, and MT Craig. 2007. Casting the percomorph net widely: the importance of broad taxonomic sampling in the search for the placement of serranid and percid fishes. Copeia 2007: 35-55. doi : 10.1643 / 0045-8511 (2007) 7 [35: CTPNWT] 2.0.CO; 2
- ↑ Smith, WL, Everman, E. & Richardson, C. (2018): Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Flatheads, Scorpionfishes, Sea Robins, and Stonefishes (Percomorpha: Scorpaeniformes) and the Evolution of the Lachrymal Saber. Copeia 106 (1): 94-119. 2018 doi: 10.1643 / CG-17-669
- ^ Sarah J. Tucker, Eka M. Kurniasih and Matthew T. Craig: A New Species of Grouper (Epinephelus; Epinephelidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Copeia 104 (3): 658-662. 2016 doi: 10.1643 / CI-16-398
- ↑ Xuan Zhuang, Meng Qu, Xiang Zhang, Shaoxiong Ding: A Comprehensive Description and Evolutionary Analysis of 22 Grouper (Perciformes, Epinephelidae) Mitochondrial Genomes with Emphasis on Two Novel Genome Organizations. PLoS ONE 8 (8): e73561. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0073561
- ↑ Centropristis striata on Fishbase.org (English)
- ^ Joseph S. Nelson, Terry C. Grande, Mark VH Wilson: Fishes of the World. Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2016, ISBN 978-1118342336 , pages 446-447.
- ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R, Edward O. Wiley, Gloria Arratia, Arturo Acero, Nicolas Bailly, Masaki Miya, Guillaume Lecointre and Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes . BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC series - July 2017, DOI: 10.1186 / s12862-017-0958-3
- ↑ Parenti, P. & Randall, JE: An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Serranidae of the world with description of two new related families of fishes. FishTaxa, 5 (1): 1-170.
- ^ KA Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas Fish , Mergus-Verlag, Melle, 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X
Web links
- Sawfish on Fishbase.org (English)