Clown loaches
Clown loaches | ||||||||||||
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Loach ( Chromobotia macracanthus ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Botiidae | ||||||||||||
Berg , 1940 |
Loaches (Botiidae) are bottom-dwelling freshwater fish from the order of the carp-like (Cypriniformes). All loaches live in South and East Asia from India to China and Japan , as well as on Sumatra , Java and Kalimantan . Some species are popular aquarium fish.
features
They are barbel-like , small to medium-sized, elongated fish that are often brightly colored. In contrast to the wolffish (Cobitidae) their body is flattened laterally. They have two pairs of Rostral Bartels . The sideline on the head is conspicuous, the caudal fin deeply forked. In a skin pocket under each eye there is a thorn that can be folded out by muscle movements and locked with a bone joint. The mouth is below. The pharyngealia is covered with a row of teeth. Loach are 7.8 cm to half a meter long, depending on the species.
External system
The loaches were long considered subfamily Botiinae within the loach out. Recently, based on molecular genetic studies, they have been placed in their own family as a sister group of the common clade of Vaillantellidae , wolffish, fin suckers (Balitoridae), Ellopostomatidae and brook loaches (Nemacheilidae).
The systematic position is illustrated by the following cladogram (after Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2009, and Chen et al., 2009):
Carp-like (Cypriniformes) |
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Internal system
Examination of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA supports the family monophyly . So far almost 50 species in seven genera and two tribes have been described.
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Clown loaches (Botiidae)
- Tribus Botiini
- Genus Ambastaia Kottelat, 2012
- Black-striped loach , Ambastaia nigrolineata (Kottelat & Chu, 1987)
- Dwarf loach , Ambastaia sidthimunki (Klausewitz, 1959)
- Genus Botia Gray, 1831 ( Indian subcontinent & Burma )
- Net loach , Botia almorhae Gray, 1831.
- Botia birdi Chaudhuri, 1909.
- Green loach , Botia dario (Hamilton, 1822).
- Botia dayi Hora, 1932.
- Botia histrionica Blyth, 1860.
- Botia javedi Mirza & Syed, 1995.
- Burmese loach , Botia kubotai Kottelat, 2004.
- Botia macrolineata Teugels, De Vos & Snoeks, 1986.
- Botia pulchripinnis Paysan, 1970
- Ladder loach , Botia rostrata Günther, 1868.
- Zebra loach , Botia striata Narayan Rao, 1920.
- Botia udomritthiruji Ng, 2007
- Genus Chromobotia Kottelat, 2004
- Loach , Chromobotia macracanthus , (Bleeker, 1852)
- Genus Sinibotia Fang, 1936
- Sinibotia longiventralis (Yang and Chen, 1992)
- Sinibotia pulchra (Wu, 1939)
- Sinibotia reevesae (Chang, 1944)
- Sinibotia robusta (Wu, 1939)
- Sinibotia superciliaris (Günther, 1892)
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Syncrossus Blyth, 1860
- Beaufort's loach , Syncrossus beauforti , (Smith, 1931)
- Syncrossus berdmorei Blyth, 1860
- Tiger loach , Syncrossus helodes (Sauvage, 1876)
- Syncrossus hymenophysa (Bleeker, 1852)
- Syncrossus reversa (Roberts, 1989)
- Genus Yasuhikotakia Nalbant, 2002 (river basin of the Mekong , Mae Nam Chao Phraya and Mae Nam Mae Klong )
- Yasuhikotakia caudipunctata (Taki and Doi, 1995)
- Sunmerle ( Yasuhikotakia eos ) (Taki, 1972)
- Green loach , Yasuhikotakia lecontei (Fowler, 1937)
- Yasuhikotakia longidorsalis (Taki and Doi, 1995)
- Blue loach , Yasuhikotakia modesta (Bleeker 1864)
- Horas Loach , Yasuhikotakia morleti (Tirant, 1885)
- Yasuhikotakia pulchripinnis (Paysan, 1970)
- Yasuhikotakia splendida (Roberts, 1995)
- Genus Ambastaia Kottelat, 2012
- Tribe Leptobotiini
- Genus Leptobotia Bleeker, 1870
- Leptobotia bellacauda Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2016
- Leptobotia curta (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)
- Leptobotia elongata (Bleeker, 1870)
- Leptobotia flavolineata Wang, 1981
- Leptobotia guilinensis Chen, 1980
- Leptobotia hengyangensis Huang and Zhang, 1986
- Leptobotia mantschurica Mountain, 1907
- Leptobotia micra Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2017
- Leptobotia microphthalma Fu and Ye, 1983
- Leptobotia orientalis Xu, Fang and Wang, 1981
- Leptobotia pellegrini catch, 1936
- Leptobotia posterodorsalis Lan and Chen in Chen and Lan, 1992
- Leptobotia rubrilabris (Dabry de Thiersant, 1872)
- Leptobotia taeniops (Sauvage, 1878)
- Leptobotia tchangi Fang, 1936
- Leptobotia tientainensis (Wu, 1930)
- Leptobotia zebra (Wu, 1939)
- Genus Parabotia Dabry de Thiersant, 1872
- Parabotia banarescui (Nalbant, 1965)
- Parabotia bimaculata Chen, 1980
- Parabotia brevirostris Zhu & Zhu, 2012
- Parabotia dubia Kottelat, 2001
- Parabotia fasciata Dabry de Thiersant, 1872
- Parabotia lijiangensis Chen, 1980
- Parabotia maculosa (Wu, 1939)
- Parabotia parva Chen, 1980
- Genus Leptobotia Bleeker, 1870
- Tribus Botiini
literature
- Maurice Kottelat : Botia kubotai , a new species of loach (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from the Ataran River basin (Myanmar), with comments on botiine nomenclature and diagnosis of a new genus. Zootaxa . Vol. 401, (January 9) 2004, pp. 1-18
- Maurice Kottelat: Conspectus cobitidum: an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei) . The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplementum No. 26, 2012, 199 pp. ( PDF ; 5.4 MB)
- Richard L. Mayden, Kevin L. Tang, Robert M. Wood, Wei-Jen Chen, Mary K. Agnew, Kevin W. Conway, Lei Yang, Andrew M. Simons, Henry L. Bart, Phillip M. Harris, Junbing Li , Xuzhen Wang, Kenji Saitoh, Shunping He, Huanzhang Liu, Yiyu Chen, Mutsumi Nishida, Masaki Miya: Inferring the Tree of Life of the order Cypriniformes, the earth's most diverse clade of freshwater fishes: Implications of varied taxon and character sampling. Journal of Systematics and Evolution. Vol. 46, No. 3, 2008, pp. 424–438 ( PDF , 455 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jörg Bohlen, Vendula Šlechtová: Phylogenetic position of the fish genus Ellopostoma (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) using molecular genetic data. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. Vol. 20, No. 2, 2009, pp. 157–162 ( PDF ; 1.8 MB)
- ^ Wei-Jen Chen, V. Lheknim, Richard L. Mayden: Molecular phylogeny of the Cobitoidea (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) revisited: position of enigmatic loach Ellopostoma resolved with six nuclear genes. Journal of Fish Biology. Vol. 75, No. 9, 2009 pp. 2197-2208, doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8649.2009.02398.x
Web links
- Loaches on Fishbase.org (English)