Sea bass

Sea bass
Embiotoca lateralis
Systematics
Acanthomorphata Spinefish (Acanthopterygii) Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae) Ovalentaria incertae sedis Family : Sea bass
Scientific name
Embiotocidae
Agassiz , 1853

The surf perch (Embiotocidae) live with 13 genera and 24 species in the coastal regions of the North Pacific, most of them in the east from California to Alaska . In the west, two species live on the west coast of Japan and the south coast of Korea ( Ditrema and Neoditrema ). With two exceptions, they are residents of the shallow surf zones. Zalembius rosaceus lives on the California coast to a depth of 300 meters. Hysterocarpus traskii lives in fresh water (in rivers of California).

features

Surf perch are flattened on the sides, high-backed or oval and are 13 to 47 centimeters long, but most of them are less than 25 centimeters long. The lateral line organ is complete and extends in a high arc over the pectoral fins . The hard-nosed and soft-nosed dorsal fin have grown together, the rays of the hard-nosed are usually shorter than those of the soft-nosed. The caudal fin is forked, the scales are cycloid . Many surf perches are silvery or brightly colored, the color and pattern often change during the breeding season, or young fish and adult animals are colored differently.

Fin formula : dorsal VI – XI / 19–28, anal III / 15–35

The only exception is Hysterocarpus traskii , whose dorsal fin has 15 to 19 hard rays.

Reproduction

The surf perch are viviparous. In the males, the front part of the anal fin is thickened and transformed into a mating organ for internal fertilization. Usually 3 to 10 relatively large fry are born per litter. In some species, the newborn males become sexually active immediately after birth.

Brachyistius frenatus

Cymatogaster aggregata

Embiotoca jacksoni

Embiotoca caryi

Rhacochilus toxotes

Systematics

There are 24 species in 13 genera:

• Amphistichus Agassiz , 1854 .
  • Amphistichus argenteus Agassiz, 1854 .
  • Amphistichus koelzi ( Hubbs , 1933) .
  • Amphistichus rhodoterus (Agassiz, 1854) .
• Brachyistius Gill , 1862 .
  • Brachyistius aletes (Tarp, 1952) .
  • Brachyistius frenatus Gill, 1862 .
• Cymatogaster Gibbons , 1854 .
  • Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons, 1854 .
• Ditrema Temminck & Schlegel , 1844 .
  • Ditrema jordani Franz , 1910 .
  • Ditrema temminckii Bleeker , 1853 .
  • Ditrema viride Oshima, 1940 .
• Embiotoca Agassiz, 1853 .
  • Embiotoca caryi Agassiz, 1853 .
  • Embiotoca jacksoni Agassiz, 1853 .
  • Embiotoca lateralis Agassiz, 1854 .
• Hypocritichthys Gill, 1862
  • Hypocritichthys anal (Agassiz, 1861) .
• Hyperprosopon Gibbons, 1854 .
  • Hyperprosopon argenteum Gibbons, 1854 .
  • Hyperprosopon ellipticum (Gibbons, 1854) .
• Hysterocarpus Gibbons, 1854 .
  • Hysterocarpus traskii Gibbons, 1854 .
• Micrometrus Gibbons, 1854 .
  • Micrometrus aurora ( Jordan & Gilbert , 1880) .
  • Micrometrus minimus (Gibbons, 1854) .
• Neoditrema Steindachner , 1883 .
  • Neoditrema ransonnetii Steindachner, 1883 .
• Phanerodon Girard , 1854 .
  • Phanerodon atripes (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) .
  • Phanerodon furcatus Girard, 1854 .
  • Phanerodon vacca (Girard, 1855) .
• Rhacochilus Agassiz, 1854 .
  • Rhacochilus toxotes Agassiz, 1854 .
• Zalembius Jordan & Evermann , 1896 .
  • Zalembius rosaceus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) .

literature

• Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
• Eschmeyer, Herald, Hamann: Pacific Coast Fishes , Peterson Field Guides, ISBN 0-395-33188-9 .
• Fred Harald Tarp: A Revision of the Family Embiotocidae (The Surfperches). on-line

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Longo, GC, Bernardi, G. & Lea, RN (2018): Taxonomic revisions within Embiotocidae (Teleostei, Perciformes) based on molecular phylogenetics. Zootaxa , 4482 (3): 591-596. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4482.3.10

Web links

Commons : Sea Bass  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

• Sea bass on Fishbase.org (English)