Climbing fish-like
| Climbing fish-like | ||||||||||||
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Point snakehead fish ( Channa pleurophthalma ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Anabantiformes | ||||||||||||
| Britz , 1995 |
The climbing fish-like (Anabantiformes (from Anabas ( climbing fish ))) are a bony fish order from the group of perch relatives (Percomorphaceae). The labyrinth fish (Anabantoidei) and the snakehead fish ( Channidae) are included in the order, in the revision of the bony fish classification by Betancur-R. and colleagues also three families of small, South and Southeast Asian "perch", the blue perch (Badidae), the sand perch (Nandidae) and the sawscale perch (Pristolepididae), whose relationship with the labyrinth fish has long been suspected. All species of the Anabantiformes live in tropical Africa, in South, Southeast and East Asia (north to the Amur ). They are pure freshwater fish . All groups today assigned to climbing fish-like are assigned in older systematics to the polyphyletic perch-like (Perciformes) in their original composition .
features
The core group of climbing fish-like, consisting of labyrinth and snakehead fish, can be diagnosed by seven synapomorphies . The most important is the labyrinth organ , also called the suprabranchial organ, an additional respiratory organ developed from the modified first epibranchial, a bone support of the upper half of the gill arch, which is located in a sac in the pharynx over the gills. The paired, chamber-like labyrinth organ rests on the second epibranchial and consists of a heavily folded plate of bone covered with a mucous membrane rich in blood vessels. Air is absorbed from the surface of the water and the gas exchange then takes place on the mucous membrane. The aorta from the heart divides, the anterior branch leads to the two anterior branchial arch arteries, which also supply the labyrinth organ, and the posterior branch supplies the third and fourth branchial arch arteries. The blood that has been enriched with oxygen in the labyrinth organ is not fed to the aorta dorsalis , but to the vena cardinalis anterior , so it soon reaches the heart (and from there into the entire body). The basioccipital, a bone of the skull base, has the right and the left of the parasphenoid paired appendages, where those with pharyngeal teeth occupied upper Pharyngealkiefer articulate articulated. The swim bladder extends backwards to the parhypural . The larvae float freely in the water with oil-filled vesicles to the side of the spine .
Systematics
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Systematics according to Betancur-R. et al.
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The cladogram on the right shows the possible relationships within the Anabantiformes.
Sister group of the Anabantiformes are the gill slit eels (Synbranchiformes), an order of eel or stickleback-like fresh and brackish water fish that occur in the tropics and subtropics of Africa, Asia, the Indo-Australian archipelago, Mexico and Central and South America. Anabantiformes and Synbranchiformes make up the taxon Anabantaria.
swell
- ↑ a b c Ricardo Betancur-R, Edward O. Wiley, Gloria Arratia, Arturo Acero, Nicolas Bailly, Masaki Miya, Guillaume Lecointre and Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes . BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC series - July 2017, DOI: 10.1186 / s12862-017-0958-3
- ^ Thomas J. Near, A. Dornburg, RI Eytan, BP Keck, WL Smith, KL Kuhn, JA Moore, SA Price, FT Burbrink, M. Friedman & PC Wainwright. 2013. Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101: 12738-21743. doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1304661110 , PDF
- ↑ a b E. O. Wiley, G. David Johnson: A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. In: Joseph S. Nelson , Hans-Peter Schultze, Mark VH Wilson (Eds.): Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. Publishing house Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-89937-107-9 , pp. 123-182.
- ^ Ralf Britz: Teleostei . In: Wilfried Westheide , Reinhard Rieger (Ed.): Special Zoology. Part 2: vertebrates or skulls. 1st edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg / Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-8274-0900-4 , p. 285.