Eel mother relatives
| Eel mother relatives | ||||||||||||
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Eel mother ( Zoarces viviparus ), recorded in the Baltic Sea near Bornholm |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Zoarcales | ||||||||||||
The Aalmutterverwandten (Zoarcales) or Gebärfischähnlichen form a partial order of subordination Cottoidei within the order of Percoidei (Perciformes). In older systematics they were led under the name eel mother-like or zoarcoidei as a separate subordination of the perch-like. Most species occur in the North Pacific , others in the North Atlantic or the Antarctic Ocean . On the German coasts in the North and Baltic Seas, the eel mother , the pointed- tailed serpent prickly back , the spotted serpent prickly back , Vahl's wolffish , the Atlantic butterfish and the striped sea wolf live .
features
They are mostly elongated fish that live on the bottom of the ground in cold seas. There are few traits that all eel mother relatives share.
The Japanese ichthyologists H. Imamura and M. Yabe state the following characteristics as synapomorphies for the zoarcales:
- a basic phenoid is missing,
- just a pair of nostrils.
They share a further twelve synapomorphies with the closely related bull relatives (Cottales).
| Phylogenetic system of eel mother relatives according to Radchenko (2015): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Systematics
Eel mother relatives include 14 families, 109 genera and over 400 species.
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Eel Nuts (Zoarcidae) Swainson, 1839
- Subfamily Gymnelinae
- Subfamily Lycozoarcinae
- Subfamily Neozoarcinae
- Subfamily Zoarcinae
- Sea wolves (Anarhichadidae) Bonaparte, 1846
- Neozoarcidae
- Eulophiidae
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Spiked Back (Stichaeidae) Gill, 1864
- Subfamily Stichaeinae
- Subfamily Chirolophinae
- Subfamily Alectriinae
- Subfamily Xiphisterinae
- Snake prickly back (Lumpenidae)
- Opisthocentridae
- Butterfish (Pholidae) Gill, 1893
- Quillfish (Ptilichthyidae) Jordan & Gilbert, 1883
- Zaproridae Jordan & Evermann, 1898
- Crookedmouths (Cryptacanthodidae) Gill, 1861
- Cebidichthyidae
- Graveldiver (Scytalinidae) Jordan & Evermann, 1898
- Ronquils (Bathymasteridae) Jordan & Gilbert, 1883
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R, Edward O. Wiley, Gloria Arratia, Arturo Acero, Nicolas Bailly, Masaki Miya, Guillaume Lecointre and Guillermo Ortí: Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes . BMC Evolutionary Biology, BMC series - July 2017, DOI: 10.1186 / s12862-017-0958-3
- ↑ a b c Joseph S. Nelson, Terry C. Grande, Mark VH Wilson: Fishes of the World. Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2016, ISBN 978-1118342336
- ↑ a b H. Imamura & M. Yabe: Demise of the Scorpaeniformes (Actinopterygii: Percomorpha): An Alternative Phylogenetic Hypothesis . Bulletin of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Volume 53, No. 3, pp. 107-128 (2002), Abstract ( Memento of October 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ OA Radchenko: The system of the suborder Zoarcoidei (Pisces, Perciformes) as inferred from molecular genetic data Russian Journal of Genetics, November 2015, Volume 51, Issue 11, pp 1096–1112, DOI: 10.1134 / S1022795415100130
- ^ Eschmeyer, WN & Fong, JD: Catalog of Fishes Species by Family / Subfamily , accessed on July 13, 2018.
