Šluknov

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Šluknov
Šluknov coat of arms
Šluknov (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Ústecký kraj
District : Děčín
Area : 4744.4584 ha
Geographic location : 51 ° 0 '  N , 14 ° 27'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 0 '12 "  N , 14 ° 27' 11"  E
Height: 340  m nm
Residents : 5,615 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 407 77
License plate : U
traffic
Railway connection: Rumburk – Dolní Poustevna
structure
Status: city
Districts: 8th
administration
Mayor : Eva Džumanová (as of 2018)
Address: náměstí Míru 1
407 77 Šluknov
Municipality number: 562858
Website : www.mesto-sluknov.cz
Location of Šluknov in the Děčín district
map

Šluknov (German Schluckenau ) is a town in Okres Děčín in Ústecký kraj in the Czech Republic .

geography

Geographical location

The city is located in northern Bohemia , in the Bohemian Netherlands (Šluknovský výběžek) , near the border with Saxony . It is traversed by the Silberbach, which joins the Koschelbach not far from the city. It gave its name to the Schluckenauer Zipfel , the headland of Bohemia between Saxon Switzerland and the Zittau Mountains . The Schweidrich rises south of the city . In the district Rožany (Rosenhain) there is a border crossing to Sohland an der Spree .

Districts

The town of Šluknov consists of the districts of Císařský (Kaiserswalde) , Harrachov (Harrachsthal) , Královka (Königshain) , Království (Königswalde) , Kunratice (Kunnersdorf) , Nové Hraběcí (Neugrafenwalde) , Rožany (Rosenhain) and Šluknov ( Rosenhain ) . Basic settlement units are Císařský-horní část, Císařský-město, Císařský-U soudu, Dr. Edvarda Beneše, Fukov (Fugau) , Harrachov, Harta-Valdek, Karlovo Údolí (Karlthal) , Královka, Království-dolní část (Niederkönigswalde) , Království-horní část (Oberkönigswalde , Kranový v Hraběcí, Partyzánský vrch (Botzen) , Pod Stříbrným vrchem, Rožany (Rosenhain) , Šluknov-střed, U nádraží, U stadionu, U Šluknovského rybníka and Židovský vrch (Judenberg) .

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Císařský, Fukov, Královka, Království, Kunratice u Šluknova, Nové Hraběcí, Rožany and Šluknov.

Neighboring places

Sohland on the Spree Oppach , Neusalza-Spremberg
Velký Šenov (Groß Schönau) Neighboring communities Jiříkov (Georgswald)
Staré Křečany (Alt Ehrenberg) Rumburk (Rumburg)

history

Marketplace with the Trinity Column (created by the sculptor Franz Klein )
Church of St. Wenceslas
Station building

The town was founded in the middle of the 14th century on the site of an old Slanknov settlement by the Bohemian noble family of Berka von Dubá ; therefore the coat of arms of the lords of Duba can still be seen as a heart shield in the city coat of arms. During the Hussite Wars in Bohemia from 1419 to 1436, the Bohemian Netherlands with its center Schluckenau was also hit. In the battle near Schluckenau in 1423, the Hussites are said to have inflicted a military defeat on the Lausitzers . The cities of Schluckenau and Rumburk became the centers of Hussite troop movements in northern Bohemia. From this it can be concluded that the Hussite formations also marched from here, which again besieged the six-city Bautzen in February 1431, whereby the border villages Georgswalde , Ebersbach , Friedersdorf , Spremberg and Oppach were affected. The old trade routes that stretched from the Bohemian Netherlands through the border forests to southern Lusatia were of enormous strategic importance for the warfare of the Hussites in Upper Lusatia.

At the beginning of the 16th century, the Schluckenau lordship with the city belonged to the Barons von Schleinitz . Soon afterwards it was owned by Otto Starrschedl, whose goods were confiscated from the royal treasury after the battle of the White Mountain . The treasury sold the rule on July 1, 1623 for 122,500 guilders to Count Wolfgang von Mansfeld . In 1624 he donated the hospital in the castle district , which was re-endowed in 1752 by Count Ferdinand von Harrach .

Schluckenau was hit by two large city fires in 1710 and 1830. In 1813, during the Napoleonic Wars, the city was plundered when an army of 200,000 men was marching through. In the first half of the 19th century the main trade in the city was linen weaving ; there were also numerous small production workshops that made chairs and other utensils. From 1850 Schluckenau formed a municipality in the judicial district of Schluckenau and was the seat of the district court. At the turn of the 19th century the town had a weaving school, an agricultural winter school, a macaw spinning mill and factories for linen, cotton and sheep's wool, felt, leather, buttons, soap and other items.

After the First World War , Schluckenau was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia . Schluckenau was a center of Konrad Henlein's Sudeten German party . According to the Munich Agreement , which provided for the annexation of the Sudetenland to the German Reich , the city, which was quickly accessible from Dresden , was the first stop on Hitler's tour of the Sudetenland in 1938 . In 1930 Schluckenau had 5578 German-speaking and 225 Czech-speaking residents. After the Wehrmacht invaded the Sudetenland in October 1938, the few Czechs were expelled into the interior of Bohemia. From 1938/39 to 1945 Schluckenau was the seat of the district administrator of the district Schluckenau , administrative district Aussig , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland of the German Reich.

Due to the Beneš decrees , in the course of the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia, the German-Bohemian population was forced to leave the place in 1945. Their property was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the property of the Protestant church was liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 and the Catholic churches in Czechoslovakia were expropriated .

Only a few Czechs were willing to settle in the remote North Bohemian city at the time. Today both the town of Šluknov and the entire Schluckenauer Ländchen form a problem region in the Czech Republic . One fifth of the residents are Roma , among whom high unemployment is widespread and their share of the total population is growing. It is hardly possible for the city to maintain the existing building fabric. Empty buildings are subject to vandalism .

Population development

Until 1945 Schluckenau was mostly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1818 2989 in 439 houses
1830 3103 in 486 houses
1857 4086 on October 31st
1900 5213 German residents
1930 5578 including 225 Czechs
1939 5319
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1970 1980 1991 2001 2003
Residents 5 820 6 204 5 568 5,658 5,701
Holy column from 1765

City and community partnerships

Schluckenau is a member and birthplace of the communal cross-border association of the German-Czech five-community , which was brought into being on October 19, 2000 in the local culture house. Based on the efforts of the mayors of five municipalities in the southern Upper Lusatia / Schluckenauer Zipfel border region to develop new and close relationships between the citizens, the Schluckenau mayor Milan Kořínek invited his colleagues to the first working meeting. The mayors of Neusalza-Spremberg (Günter Paulik), Friedersdorf (Günter Hamisch), Oppach (Karl-Heinz David) and Jiříkov (Miroslav Fojta) took part in this consultation, which also meant the establishment of the five-community community . The declaration of intent of the communes united in the five commune took place on May 18, 2002 on the Czech Jüttelberg near Království near the border on Schluckenauer Flur. On May 10, 2008, Sohland an der Spree (Matthias Pilz) was accepted into the five-community community and on November 4, 2011, the twin town of Ebersbach-Neugersdorf under Mayor Verena Hergenröder.

Culture and sights

In the past, Schluckenau was the seat of a manor , including the Lords of Starschedel . Schluckenau Castle , built in the 16th century, burned down in 1986. The reconstruction had to be stopped after 1990 due to a lack of funds. After 2000 work was resumed; the renovation has now been completed. In addition to exhibition and event rooms, there is also an information office for tourists in the building. The park adjacent to the castle is partially used for public events. A war memorial for the fallen of the First World War (1914–1918, Pomnik padlým v 1 svétové válce ) by the sculptor Alois Rieber has been preserved. It is located near the forest path at the height of Království Křížová cesta (405 m).

In Schluckenau is the burial place of the North Bohemian homeland researchers, the brothers Franz and Eduard Bienert, who were murdered on September 16, 1990.

traffic

Šluknov has a train station on the Rumburk – Sebnitz line .

The German railway line Bischofswerda – Zittau runs through the Fugauer tip without stopping.

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Milan Kořinek: Chronicle of the Five Churches - the first ten years. (German and Czech). German translation: Ingrid Pajerova. Šluknov, undated (2011). Project: European Regional Development Fund - Fund for Small Projects Objective 3 2007-2013 (ERDF)
  • Robert Lahmer : Chronicle of the city of Schluckenau. Carl Theer in Reichenberg, Schluckenau 1889 (319 pages).
  • Lutz Mohr : The Hussites in Upper Lusatia with special consideration of their campaigns in the years from 1424 to 1434. Special edition No. 2/2014 of the series: History and stories from Neusalza-Spremberg. Greifswald and Neusalza-Spremberg 2014.
  • Rudolf Tilke: Chronicle of the North Bohemian Netherlands. (in German) Rumburk: Verlag Milan Holenda 1998.
  • Fanny Zekel: 1000 years of founding and development history of the city of Schluckenau. Gymnastics Club, Schluckenau 1893.
  • Alfred Schickel: The expulsion of the German population from Czechoslovakia: history, background, reviews. Ed .: Federal Ministry for Expellees and Refugees, Documentation, ISBN 3-89182-014-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Obec Šluknov: Podrobné informace. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved August 28, 2014 (Czech).
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ Části obcí. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved August 28, 2014 (Czech).
  4. ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved August 28, 2014 (Czech).
  5. ↑ Katastrální území. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved August 28, 2014 (Czech).
  6. ↑ Lutz Mohr : The Hussites in Upper Lusatia with special consideration of their campaigns in the years from 1424 to 1434. Special edition No. 2/2014 of the series: History and stories from Neusalza-Spremberg. Greifswald and Neusalza-Spremberg 2014, p. 34f.
  7. ↑ a b Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 5: Leutmeritzer Kreis , Vienna 1787, pp. 223–227 .
  8. ↑ Franz Aloys Mussik: The Schönlinde market and its eingepfarrte villages. In addition to a brief outline of the dominions of Böhmisch-Kamnitz, Hainspach, Schluckenau and Rumburg. A historical-topographical attempt . Prague 1828, pp. 153-161.
  9. ↑ a b c Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 1: Leitmeritzer Kreis , Prague 1833, pp. 272-273, item 1).
  10. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 17, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 876 .
  11. ^ Rudolf Hemmerle: Sudetenland Lexikon Volume 4, page 395. Adam Kraft Verlag, 1985. ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 .
  12. ^ Karl-Peter Schwarz: Roma in the Czech Republic: Zwist im Zipfel , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, September 1, 2011, accessed on June 13, 2016
  13. ↑ Franz Aloys Mussik: The Schönlinde market and its eingepfarrte villages. In addition to a brief outline of the dominions of Böhmisch-Kamnitz, Hainspach, Schluckenau and Rumburg. A historical-topographical attempt . Prague 1828, p. 160.
  14. ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 197, item 7).
  15. ↑ Statistical overviews of the population and livestock in Austria . Vienna 1859, p. 41, left column .
  16. ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to reunification in 1990. Schluckenau district (Czech: Sluknov). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  17. ↑ Czeski Urząd Statystyczny
  18. ↑ Šluknovský zámek. In: mesto-sluknov.cz. Retrieved August 28, 2014 (Czech).
  19. ↑ Erwin Scholz: Does justice need staying power? ( Memento of July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Landeszeitung 09/2004, accessed on March 17, 2014

Web links

Commons : Šluknov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Schluckenau in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts