Kytlice

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Kytlice
Coat of arms of Kytlice
Kytlice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Ústecký kraj
District : Děčín
Area : 2,676.0698 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 49 '  N , 14 ° 32'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 48 '44 "  N , 14 ° 32' 10"  E
Height: 462  m nm
Residents : 491 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 407 45
License plate : U
traffic
Railway connection: Děčín – Jedlová
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 5
administration
Mayor : Ing.Monika Hladíková (status: 2018)
Address: Kytlice 24
407 45 Kytlice
Municipality number: 562645
Website : www.obec-kytlice.cz
Location of Kytlice in the Děčín district
map

Kytlice (German Kittlitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located seven km north of Nový Bor and belongs to the Okres Děčín .

geography

Geographical location

Kytlice is 462 m above sea level. M. on the upper reaches of the Kamenice (Kamnitz) in the Lusatian Mountains , the southern part of which is therefore also known as Kytlická hornatina ( Kittlitzer Bergland ). The place, completely surrounded by forests and mountains, lives today before Christ. a. from tourism . In addition to the Stříbrný vrch ( Silberberg , 613 m), the Javor ( Ahrenberg , 693 m), Sokol ( Hackelsberg , 668 m) and Malý buk ( Kleiner Buchberg , 712 m) surround the place. Well-known mountains are also the Stožec ( Schöber ) (6 km northeast), the Jedlová ( Tannenberg ) (6 km north-northeast), the Klíč ( Kleis ) (4 km southeast) and the Zlatý vrch ( Goldberg ) (5 km west). There are two stops in Kytlice and Mlýny on the Děčín – Varnsdorf railway line that runs through the Kamnitz valley .

Community structure

The municipality of Kytlice consists of the districts Dolní Falknov (Lower Falkenau), Falknov (Falkenau), Hillův Mlýn ( Hillemühl 2nd part ), Kytlice ( Kittlitz ) and Mlýny ( Hillemühl 1st part ). Basic settlement units are Dolní Falknov, Hillův Mlýn, Kytlice and Mlýny.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Dolní Falknov, Falknov and Kytlické Mlýny.

history

Kytlice

Kittelwitz was built in 1758 on the grounds of the abandoned Falkenau glassworks. Along the way to Blottendorf , the houses of the Neudorf lined up south into the mountains. Houses were also built along the Kirchsteig to Ober Preschkau . Between 1777 and 1782 the building of its own church took place, which was largely financed by the theologian Anton Bernhard Gürtler (1726–1791).

Kittlitz became an independent municipality in 1848 , but as early as 1850 it was merged with Falkenau to form the municipality of Falkenau. Its inhabitants lived mainly from glass production, glass painting and glass cutting. As a result of the crisis in the glassmaking trade, several families emigrated to Germany and Brazil between 1870 and 1880. In 1900 Kittlitz had 1001 inhabitants. With the rise of tourism, the village became a popular summer retreat.

After the Second World War and the expulsion of the German population, the glassmaking trade in the village ceased in 1948. The population fell by two thirds and many of the houses were no longer inhabited, but served as holiday homes. 36 houses were demolished.

In winter there is a ski lift on Stříbrný vrch.

Dolní Falknov

An inn was built on the right bank of the Kamnitz in 1668, to which further houses were added in the course of the 18th century and which grew into the village of Nieder Falkenau. The bar, which was owned by the Zippe family until 1945, was also the birthplace of the naturalist Franz Xaver Zippe . In 1891 a Zippe memorial plaque was attached to the house, which was lost when it was demolished in 1963. Nieder Falkenau belonged to Kittlitz since the beginning of the 20th century. In 1994 a new memorial stone was erected for the famous son of the town. Hidden in the forest is a pond that has been used as a bath since 1907.

Falknov

Falkenau, on the left of the Kamnitz on the slope of the Silberberg, is the oldest district. Possibly in its place was the village of Neuhausen , which fell desolately after 1471 during the Hussite Wars , and whose glassworks had been in operation since 1443.

In 1530 the glassmaker Paul Schürer from Aschbergk (Sprung) built a glassworks in the woods. A glassmaking settlement was built around the hut by immigrants from Saxony. The center of the place was the Hüttenmeistergut, which included a brewery, grinding and board mill as well as extensive property. The Schierer von Waldheimb / Schürer von Waldheim, ennobled since 1592, operated the hut until the 18th century.

At that time, the wood-intensive ironworks had led to the deforestation of the surrounding forests. The resulting increase in wood prices drove up production costs and the family moved their homes to the northern Waldviertel . In 1731 Leopold Valentin Schürer sold the unprofitable glassworks. The lack of wood left his successor Johann Josef Kittel (glassmaker) (1723–1788) in 1750 to shut down the hut. He founded a glass grinding mill, further glassworks in Chwalkow and Röhrsdorf and in 1769 sold the glassworks in Friedrichswald and Neuwiese to his son-in-law Anton Riedel. He parceled out the Hüttenmeistergut in Falkenau and leased the areas for development. The resulting settlement of Kittelwitz , named after the family name of the glassmaker and glass merchant Kittel, grew rapidly.

With the replacement of patrimonial Falkenau became an independent municipality in 1848 and in 1850 Kittlitz was incorporated.

Hillův Mlýn / Mlýny

The Hillemühl, which extends along the Kamnitz, has its origin in a manorial sawmill of the Wartenberg (Bohemian noble family) , which was built around 1550 on the left bank of the Kamnitz. In 1670 the owner of the Kamnitz rulership, Johann Oktavian Graf Kinsky , had a place built near the mill. In the 18th century a grinding mill and glass grinding shop were added. But there was also settlement on the right bank belonging to the Bürgstein rulership. The place grew further east to Nieder Falkenau. A large number of glass mills, ball mills and paint mills were built along the river, the number of which rose from 14 in 1795 to 46 within 100 years. The St. Georgenthal entrepreneur Anton Münzberg set up a mechanical spinning mill in 1824.

The opening of the route of the Bohemian Northern Railway from Bodenbach to Warnsdorf brought Hillemühl a train stop in 1869 and in 1887 it was expanded into a train station. A glassworks was built in 1896 and closed again in 1928.

After the landlords were replaced in 1848, Hillemühl formed part 1 of an independent municipality in the Tetschen district and the district of Böhmisch Kamnitz , while the upper part of the district bordering Nieder Falkenau was part of the municipality of Falkenau and thus belonged to the district of Leipa and the district of Haida as Hillemühl, part 2 .

The Hillemühl Forest Theater was built in 1931 . Its founder was Franz Marschner , from the industrial family Marschner u. a. in Ober-Kamnitz, after 1949 sales representative in Munich. During the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia in 1946, Marschner was expelled, his wife was killed and the Waldbühne, which was last played in 1939, was forgotten. In 1990 game operations were resumed. On the initiative of Karel Krejčí , the original condition of the stages and the audience was restored in 2003. A music and theater association was founded for the operation.

Culture and sights

  • Church of St. Anthony of Padua, single-nave baroque building from 1776 to 1782
  • Cemetery with gravestones of the family of the glass industrial smock, the textile industrial Gürtler, etc. a. in German Gabel, with memorial plaques for Anton Bernhard Gürtler (1726–1791) and Alfred Gürtler (1875–1933)

Sons and daughters of the church

  • Johann Leopold Riedel (* 1726 in Falkenau (Falknow), district Böhmisch Leipa, † 1820 in Christiansthal, district Friedrichswald (Bedrichov), district Reichenberg ( Liberec )), glass manufacturer, father of Anton Riedel (1761–1821) and Karl Josef Riedel (* 1763 in Christiansthal, † 1843), the founders of the two important branches of the Riedel family of glassmakers, and cousin of JJ Kittel in the Antoniwalder Hütte. He learned glass manufacture from his father Johann Karl Riedel (* 1701 in Pablowitz, District Dauba) and glass painting in the Falkenauer Glashütte. Important sponsor in an artistic and entrepreneurial sense; (maintenance of a clergyman; elementary school lessons; modernization of the operation of the older Iser mountain glassworks).
  • Anton Bernhard Gürtler (* 1726 in Kittlitz, † 1791 in Rome), Dr. theol. (University of Prague), Canon at St. Stephen's Cathedral , confessor of Archduchess Maria Karolina of Austria , Bishop of Siena, Canon in Leitmeritz an der Elbe, papal nuncio and abbot in Galdo. Supporter of pastoral care in his place of birth Falkenau-Kittlitz. (Church building 1777 to 1782).
  • Franz Xaver Zippe (* 1791 in Nieder Falkenau; † 1863), mineralogist and geologist
  • Anton Weiß (* 1801 in Kittlitz; † 1851), lithographer and flower painter
  • Josef Palme (* 1859 in Kittlitz; † 1935), private civil servant and politician

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/562645/Kytlice
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/562645/Obec-Kytlice
  4. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/562645/Obec-Kytlice
  5. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/562645/Obec-Kytlice
  6. ^ Ferdinand Seibt , Hans Lemberg , Helmut Slapnicka: Biographical Lexicon for the History of the Bohemian Countries. Published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum (Institute) ; Vol. III, R. Oldenbourg Verlag , Munich, 2000, ISBN 3-486-55973-7 , p. 454 f. with further references and namesake.
  7. ↑ Heribert Sturm : Biographical Lexicon for the History of the Bohemian Lands. , Collegium Carolinum (Ed.). Vol. I, R. Oldenbourg Verlag , Munich Vienna 1979, ISBN 3-486-49491-0 , page 491

Web links

Commons : Kytlice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files