Trmice

Trmice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Ústecký kraj
District :	Ústí nad Labem
Area :	666.0775 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 39 ' N , 14 ° 0' E Coordinates: 50 ° 38 '36 " N , 13 ° 59' 57" E
Height:	148 m nm
Residents :	3,332 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	400 01 - 400 04
License plate :	U
structure
Status:	city
Districts:	3
administration
Mayor :	Jana Oubrechtová (as of 2008)
Address:	Fügnerova 448/29 ; 400 04 Trmice
Municipality number:	553697
Website :	www.mesta.obce.cz/trmice
Location of Trmice in the Ústí nad Labem district

Trmice (German Türmitz ) is a small town in the Czech Republic . It is located on the western city limits of Ústí nad Labem on a bend in the Bílina on the edge of the Bohemian Central Uplands . The D8 motorway runs through Trmice .

history

The row village of Türmitz was first mentioned in a document in 1305. It goes back to a Slavic settlement that can be traced back to the 11th century. In 1664 Hans Hartwig Graf Nostitz transferred the market rights of Großtschochau to the place. In the same year Emperor gave Leopold I , the town charter . This competition was not welcomed in Aussig, but had to be tolerated. Also interpellations , such as against from 1,675 held Türmitzer Fairs, were in vain.

Its inhabitants were predominantly arable citizens and craftsmen. In the 18th century, cloth weaving mills and shoe manufacturing companies were established.

After the mining of lignite began at Karbitz in 1740 , it was also mined at Türmitz 50 years later. An industrial boom began in the city in the 19th century. In addition to the coal production, which had expanded to the entire area west and north of the city, a tar refinery was built as a processing plant.

Around 1850 a brewery and a sugar factory were built. The Trmice – Bílina line of the Aussig-Teplitz Railway , built in 1858, ran through the town, and Türmitz was connected to Karbitz and Aussig by an electric tram . After 1900, the largest lignite power station in Northern Bohemia at the time began operations in Türmitz . In 1910 the sugar factory was shut down, in 1915 the brewery, which was bought by the Aussiger brewery.

Until their expulsion in 1945/46, mostly Germans lived in Türmitz - in 1890 only 23 of 3311 inhabitants registered as Czechs. In 1930, twenty-two years after the founding of the ČSR , there were already 2318 out of a total of 7593 inhabitants. The increase in population was mainly due to the good economic situation in the 1920s and the government support for the settlement of Czechs.

During the German occupation, which began in 1938 with the Munich Agreement , Türmitz was incorporated into Aussig in 1939, with which it remained connected until the end of the war. After the expulsion of the Germans as a result of the Second World War, numerous localities in northern Bohemia were left to decay. Repopulation was slow.

After the turn

After the " Velvet Revolution " in November 1989 half well left of the human Trmice, the remaining Trmicer decided in a referendum for the separation of Ústí nad Labem , as Trmice was at the beginning of 1994 as a separate parish, 1996, it was again raised to the city. The number of residents began to recover, reaching the level of 1880 in 2011.

Since the end of 2006, the city tour of Ústí has tried again to integrate Trmice. While Ústí hopes that the merger will increase the population to over 100,000 and thus an increase in annual government grants of around 4.5 million euros, Trmice fears that urban investments will be disadvantaged. The city is therefore opposed to a merger.

Unemployment is around 30% today, a long-term problem, as is poverty and crime, similar to the neighboring town of Předlice , which has belonged to Ústí since 1939. Trmice has also been hit by “executions”, a privatized form of debt collection that leads to excesses. In 2018, over 40% of people were affected, the second highest number in the Czech Republic. From the 1960s onwards, Roma were also specifically settled. In recent years their share has grown to around a third of the population today, but in the social spectrum - from the fairly rich to the poorest.

The head of the Trmicer Primary School, Marie Gottfriedová, introduced the inclusion of all pupils in the early 2000s, regardless of their ability or “background”. Today it is a prominent part of efforts towards social integration / inclusion in the Czech Republic. In 2015 Gottfriedová received the Roma Spirit Prize for the education of Roma children and the Alice Masaryková Prize “for the successful implementation of inclusive education, its promotion and dissemination of this good practice”.

Population development

Sources: u. a. ČSÚ

1654 - 16 farmers, 14 small farmers, 1 gardener, 2 cottagers and 33 houses
1830 - 648 inhabitants and 115 houses
1869 - 1,972 inhabitants and 192 houses
1880 - 2,547 inhabitants and 217 houses
1890 - 3,311 inhabitants and 239 houses
1900 - 4,546 inhabitants and 292 houses
1910 - 5,856 inhabitants and 352 houses
1918 - Foundation of the ČSR , beginning of targeted state promotion of Czech settlement
1921 - 7,133 inhabitants and 436 houses
1930 - 7,593 inhabitants and 566 houses
1938 - Occupation of the Sudetes by Nazi Germany, expulsion of non-Germans
1939 - 6,814 inhabitants and 697 houses
1945/46 - Expulsion of the Germans
1950 - 5,372 inhabitants and 679 houses
1961 - 5,352 inhabitants and 630 houses
1970 - 4,347 inhabitants and 576 houses
1980 - 3,449 inhabitants and 543 houses
1989/90 - turning point
1991 - 1,483 inhabitants and 354 houses
2001 - 2,299 inhabitants and 423 houses
2004 - 2,862 inhabitants (January 1st)
2011 - 2,517 inhabitants and 464 houses

Economy and Infrastructure

From an economic point of view, Trmice is now an industrial city, even if unemployment is one of the highest in the Czech Republic. In addition to a thermal power plant based on lignite, there are production plants from KSPG , Black & Decker , Renault and Jotun Powder Coating , among others . One of the eleven Globus hypermarkets in the Czech Republic is also located in Trmice .

Motorway in the center of the village, in the back of the photographer is the castle

Chapel under the highway in the Koštov district

D8 motorway

The Dresden – Prague (D8) motorway , to which Trmice is connected via a junction, runs through the urban area . This section was built before 1989 and originally only connected the Ústí nad Labem area with the neighboring Teplice region. Regardless of urban planning and urban development aspects with regard to the living space of the city dwellers, this route was drawn through the village. Stimulated by the planning and construction of the A17 on the German side, a public discussion about a different route developed among the affected Czech population. Group tours were carried out by representatives of the region in order to show the international public what was perceived as unreasonable local situation. The fear of the sudden increase in traffic due to the integration of the old section of the motorway into the supraregional route is obvious.

Community structure

Trmice consists of the districts Koštov ( costs ), Trmice ( Türmitz ) and Újezd ( Augiesel ). Basic settlement units are Koštov, Svahy, Trmice, Trmice-Edisonova, Tyršova and Újezd.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Koštov and Trmice.

Town twinning

Koenigstein (Saxon Switzerland) , Germany

Trmice Castle

Türmitz Castle

The castle was built between 1852 and 1857 according to plans by the Viennese architect Heinrich von Ferstel in the Tudor style and was a seat of the Counts of Nostitz . The administrator of the castle Franz Höfer (since 1869) Ritter von Feldsturm was the father of Franz Höfer von Feldsturm , field marshal lieutenant of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy during the First World War. In 1919, at the beginning of Czechoslovakia , it came into the possession of the Wolfrum family of manufacturers in Aussig on the Elbe, who later donated it to the city of Trmice to set up a city museum. After 1945, the end of World War II, the property fell into such disrepair that the museum was closed in 1964. In connection with plans for the construction of the Prague - Dresden motorway, demolition was even considered. After the renovation carried out in 1994, the castle with its around 50 rooms is now used as the cultural center of the city of Trmice. In addition to exhibition rooms (including mining history and model railways) and ballrooms, it also houses the city library.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

Karel Otčenášek (1920–2011), Bishop of Hradec Králové, worked between 1965 and 1989 as an exiled Catholic priest in Trmice

Sons and daughters of the place

Albert von Nostitz-Rieneck (1807–1871), politician and Oberstlandmarschall in Bohemia
Moritz Mildner (1812–1865), Bohemian-Austrian violinist, composer and music teacher
Hermann Burghart (1834–1901), Bohemian-Austrian stage designer and court theater painter
Maria Adelheid Beaufort-Spontin (born June 25, 1886 - † July 12, 1945 at Castle Beschau ), Duchess, née Countess von Silva-Tarouca, 1920–1936 President of the German Catholic Women's Association in Czechoslovakia.
Josef Schrenk (1919–2013), Slavist