Social inclusion

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Illustration of different concepts of living together

The demand for social inclusion is realized when every man in his individuality by the company is accepted and has the opportunity fully in her participate or attend. Differences and deviations are consciously perceived in the context of social inclusion, but their meaning is limited or even eliminated. Their presence is neither questioned nor viewed as a special feature by society. The right to participation is socio-ethically justified and extends to all areas of life in which all accessible can move intended.

Inclusion describes the equality of an individual without assuming normality. Rather, what is normal is diversity, the existence of differences. The individual is no longer forced to meet unreachable norms, rather it is society that creates structures in which people with special features can contribute and provide valuable services in their own way. An example of accessibility is to make every building wheelchair accessible. But barriers in the figurative sense can also be broken down.

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 list inclusion under several points, e.g. B. 4, Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning (" Ensure inclusive and high-quality education for all and promote lifelong learning"), 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable ("Cities inclusive, safe, Making resilient and sustainable ”) or 16: Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies .

application areas

Objective of an increased sense of belonging

The principle of social inclusion is of central importance in the UN Disability Rights Convention . The preamble (lit. m) the objective of a strong sense of belonging is ( English enhanced sense of belonging listed). With this, a new term has found its way into the human rights discussion, which demands a free and equal social inclusion against the injustice experience of social exclusion.

Social inclusion and social exclusion

Inclusion removes the following six forms of social exclusion .

  • Exclusion from the labor market
  • economic exclusion
  • institutional exclusion
  • Exclusion through social isolation
  • cultural exclusion
  • spatial exclusion.

Social inclusion as a sociopolitical concept

Where inclusion succeeds as a sociopolitical concept, separating institutions become superfluous. The principle of inclusion expresses comprehensive solidarity with people who, although in need of help, are often not “in need of help” in a comprehensive sense (for example in the sense of the symbol “H” in the law for severely disabled people ). Social inclusion means changing existing special facilities such as homes for people with disabilities . Social inclusion serves the norm of equality .

Inclusion affects all areas of life and thus, in addition to the school area outlined in the next section and mostly considered, also the areas of work , living and leisure .

School inclusion

On June 6, 2008, an expert hearing on the subject of school inclusion as a way into the primary labor market - social significance and economic perspectives took place in the Kleisthaus Berlin at the invitation of the then Federal Government Commissioner for the Issues of Disabled People, Karin Evers-Meyer . The disability officer demanded: "Special paths and special worlds for disabled people should be put to the test". With an integration rate of around 13 percent, Germany has been “lagging behind its western neighbors for decades.” Ultimately, according to the disability officer, successful integration of disabled people can only succeed in an inclusive environment. “Those who sort out not only stigmatize certain groups, they have to laboriously reintegrate them later. I therefore advocate an inclusive educational and professional environment right from the start. "

This line of argument is supported by an expert report by the Max Traeger Foundation of the German Education and Science Union (GEW): It should be clarified “whether the German selective school system can be inclusive at the same time and whether the existing legal basis enables an inclusive education system develop. ”On March 26th, 2009 the UN Disability Rights Convention became legally binding in Germany; Since then, parents of disabled children have the right and, in the opinion of many interpreters of the Convention, also the task of enforcing schooling at a mainstream school on behalf of their children .

In its action plan published in October 2016, the "Inclusion Commission" convened by the Lower Saxony state government calls for goals and measures to implement the UN Disability Rights Convention in Lower Saxony : "All pupils attend general school and are taught by teachers."

Social inclusion, term expansion

Social inclusion does not only affect people with disabilities, but also senior citizens , migrants , children and young people with special challenges, etc. An inclusion measure would e.g. B. in not even accommodating asylum seekers in homes set up especially for them. The German Institute for Adult Education describes groups that need to be included through further training measures as “migrants, low-skilled, long-term unemployed and functionally illiterate”.

Projects

A special form of social inclusion are arrangements in which the concept of “disability” is questioned, such as in dark restaurants , in which the sighted turn out to be the actual people with deficits. Unlike blind people, sighted people cannot compensate for their inability to see because of the darkness. In wheelchair ball games between paralyzed and "normal" athletes, users who are used to wheelchairs find it easier to use.

Social exclusion of young people who are threatened by long-term or even long-term unemployment, the project takes YUSEDER ( Y outh U nemployment and S ocial E xclusion: D imensions, Subjective E Xperiences and Institutional R esponses in Six Countries of the EU) of the European Union on.

Residential projects that advertise the term inclusion and work across generations or collectively for people with or without special challenges include those involved.

In 2011, the Montag Foundation for Youth and Society developed a municipal index for inclusion . The Inclusion Index was published as early as 2003 ; it is a catalog of questions to determine the position of a school on the way to inclusive education in Germany. The Montag Foundation for Youth and Society with non-profit status has published a workbook entitled “Municipal Index for Inclusion”. With the help of a detailed catalog of questions in categories (culture, structures and practices), the status of political communities in the implementation of social inclusion can be determined.

In a study funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research entitled Development of a Model for Social Participation of People with Dementia in the Museum Room , Hamburg scientists developed an exemplary concept for the inclusion of the elderly. Twelve renowned museums nationwide took part in the study.

Training courses

At the Evangelical University of Applied Sciences Rhineland-Westphalia-Lippe in Bochum, there is a master's degree in Social Inclusion: Health and Education .

Awards

Prizes are awarded to promote the inclusion of certain or all groups. The best- known of these types are the Bavarian Job Success and the Berlin Inclusion Prize .

criticism

In his book Inklusion: The equal treatment of unequal - right to participate in competition , S. Cechura provides a fundamentally critical inventory of the politics of inclusion and the ideologies in science and society about it .

In 2018, the News Enlightenment Initiative named the topic of "inclusion of the world of work" as a top topic that was neglected by the German mass media. "In general, reports about successful inclusion with a focus on inclusion in schools are more regional."

See also

Explanatory film "Inclusion" (with sign language)

literature

  • Theresa Hilse-Carstensen, Sandra Meusel, Germo Zimmermann (eds.): Voluntary engagement and social inclusion. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 2019, ISBN 978-3-658-23671-7 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-658-23672-4
  • Uwe Becker: The inclusion lie. Disability in Flexible Capitalism , Transcript, Bielefeld 2015, ISBN 978-3-8376-3056-5
  • Cornelia Bohn: Inclusion, Exclusion and the Person , UVK, Konstanz 2006, ISBN 978-3-89669-701-1 .
  • Reinhard Burtscher (ed.): Approaches to inclusion. Adult education, disabled education and sociology in dialogue , Bertelsmann, Bielefeld 2013, ISBN 978-3-7639-5107-9 .
  • Suitbert Cechura: Inclusion: The equal treatment of unequal - Right to participate in the competition Edition Octopus - Verlagshaus Monsenstein and Vannerdat OHG Münster 2015
  • Franziska Felder: Inclusion and Justice. The right of disabled people to participate , Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 2012, ISBN 978-3-593-39591-3 .
  • Udo Sierck: Budenzauber Inklusion , AG-SPAK-Bücher, Neu-Ulm 2013, ISBN 978-3-940865-57-1 .
  • Holger Wittig-Koppe, Fritz Bremer, Hartwig Hansen (eds.): Participation in times of heightened exclusion? Critical contributions to the inclusion debate , Paranus-Verlag, Neumünster 2010, ISBN 978-3-940636-10-2 .
  • Germo Zimmermann : Recognition and coping with life in voluntary work. A qualitative study on the inclusion of disadvantaged young people in child and youth work . Bad Heilbrunn: Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2015. ISBN 978-3-7815-2005-9

For further literature see also: Inclusive Pedagogy # Literature .

Web links

Wikiquote: Inclusion  Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Education - United Nations Sustainable Development . In: United Nations Sustainable Development . ( un.org [accessed March 18, 2018]).
  2. ↑ Cities - United Nations Sustainable Development Action 2015 . In: United Nations Sustainable Development . ( un.org [accessed March 18, 2018]).
  3. ^ Peace, justice and strong institutions - United Nations Sustainable Development . In: United Nations Sustainable Development . ( un.org [accessed March 18, 2018]).
  4. ↑ Heiner Bielefeldt: On the innovation potential of the UN Disability Rights Convention . P. 9 (PDF; 134 kB)
  5. ↑ Thomas Kieselbach, Gert Beelmann: Unemployment as a risk of social exclusion among young people in Europe . In: From Politics and Contemporary History . Issue 6–7 / 2003
  6. ↑ Max Traeger Foundation: Expert opinion on the international and domestic obligations arising from the right to education according to Art. 24 of the UN Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities and on the compatibility of German school law with the provisions of the Convention . August 2008. ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.gew.de  
  7. ↑ End of sorting out . In: Der Spiegel , edition 50/2009, p. 46f.
  8. ↑ Inclusion Commission: Goals and measures for the implementation of the UN Disability Rights Convention in Lower Saxony . Lower Saxony Ministry for Social Affairs, Health and Equality (ed.). September 2016, p. 16 (point II.4.15) online
  9. ↑ Inclusion through further education , die-bonn.de
  10. ↑ YUSEDER Final Report ( Memento of the original from June 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.2 MB), ipg.uni-bremen.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ipg.uni-bremen.de
  11. ↑ Thomas Kieselbach, Gert Beelmann: Unemployment as a risk of social exclusion among young people in Europe . In: From Politics and Contemporary History , Issue 6–7 / 2003 ( online )
  12. ↑ cooperative oekogeno: Vaubanaise , accessed 31 July 2011
  13. ↑ Tony Booth, Mel Ainscow: Index for Inclusion. Develop learning and participation in the Diversity School. Halle-Wittenberg 2003. In: Zeitschrift Sozialcourage ( Sozialcourage.de online ), edition 3/2011, p. 15: Developing schools together - The royal road to inclusion , accessed on August 20, 2011
  14. ↑ Municipal Index for Inclusion - Workbook (PDF; 1.1 MB), accessed on October 7, 2011
  15. ↑ M. Ganß, S. Kastner, P. Sinapius: Art education for people with dementia. Core points of a didactic . HPB University Press, Hamburg / Potsdam / Berlin 2016.
  16. ↑ Inklusion.pdf Master's degree in Social Inclusion: Health and Education .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. efh-bochum.de (PDF).@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.efh-bochum.de  
  17. ^ Suitbert Cechura: Inclusion: The equal treatment of unequal - Right to participate in the competition Edition Octopus - Verlagshaus Monsenstein and Vannerdat OHG Münster 2015
  18. ↑ 2018: Top 1 - Inclusion of the world of work. In: Initiative news clearance . Retrieved on August 31, 2019 (German).