Bečov Castle and Chateau
| Bečov Castle and Chateau | ||
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 Bečov Castle and Chateau |
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| Alternative name (s): | Bečov Castle and Palace | |
| Creation time : | 13th century | |
| Castle type : | Summit castle | |
| Standing position : | Aristocratic residence | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 5 '9.9 " N , 12 ° 50' 23.5" E | |
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The castle and the Bečov Castle (German Schloss Petschau ) are located in the town of Bečov ( Bečov ) in the region of Carlsbad in the Czech Republic . The St. Maurus Shrine from the 13th century has been exhibited in the castle since 2002 .
history
Bečov Castle was probably built in the first half of the 13th century and was first mentioned in 1349 when it was owned by Boresch IV. Von Ossegg and Riesenburg . It probably initially served as a customs post at the intersection of the roads from Elbogen to Pilsen and Teplá to Schlackenwert . In 1407 it came to the Lords of Hasenburg , who were followed in 1411 by the Lords of Plauen . From 1495 it was owned by Mr. Pflug von Rabenstein , who had the castle rebuilt. Since Kaspar Pflug von Rabenstein ( Kašpar Pluh z Rabštejna ) had led the uprising of 1547, his property was confiscated by King Ferdinand I. After that, the castle and lordship of Bečov were given to the lords of Plauen , later to the counts of Schlick , in 1573 to the city of Bečov itself and in 1615 to the city of Schlackenwerth. In 1624, Questenberg , who came from Thuringia, acquired the castle and lordship, namely Wallenstein's confidante Gerhard von Questenberg . In 1648, in the last year of the Thirty Years' War , the castle was conquered by the Swedish general Königsmarck and badly damaged. From the Questenberg the lordship passed to the Counts of Kaunitz in 1752 , together with the Moravian lordship Jaromiritz also acquired by Gerhard . The Kaunitz family completed the construction of the new castle, which Johann Adam von Questenberg had begun in 1753, and which was built below the then uninhabited castle.
In 1813 Duke Friedrich von Beaufort-Spontin (1751–1817), Chamberlain Emperor Franz II , acquired the castle and palace with the associated property; he had refused an appointment to the court of Napoleon and left the Austrian Netherlands , annexed by France , where he owned the lordships of Freÿr and Florennes . His son Karl Alfred laid out a park with an alpine park below the castle in 1872/74. His descendants were expropriated and expelled after the Second World War in 1945 . Before fleeing to Austria, they hid the St. Maurus shrine under the floor of the castle chapel , which they had owned since 1838 and which they had transferred from Florennes to Beschau in 1888. Only in 1986 was he found there by the Czechoslovak authorities. After extensive restoration, it has been exhibited in Bečov Castle since 2002.
Bečov Castle
The Gothic Bečov Castle stands on a steep rock, which is surrounded on two sides by the Teplá . The historic core is formed by two square towers, the 16th century in the first quarter of the men plow from Rabenstein structurally with the adjoining palace were connected. At the same time the hall, which contained fifteen halls, was rebuilt in the Renaissance style. In the castle chapel Mariae Heimsuchung there are seventeen frescoes from around 1400 with scenes from the life of Jesus . After the damage caused by the Thirty Years' War had not been repaired, the castle fell into disrepair. Minor repairs were carried out in the 18th century. The alliance coat of arms of the Questenberg-Kaunitz can be found on the Gothic tower, which was then shortened.
Bečov Castle
The Bečov Castle is located a little below the castle. From the beginning of the 18th century it was built in several stages next to the then abandoned castle by Johann Adam Questenberg in the Baroque style and completed in 1753 by Dominik Andreas von Kaunitz ( Dominik Ondřej z Kounic ). From 1861 to 1865 renovations were carried out according to a design by the architects Josef Zítek and Josef Mocker . The palace terraces were laid out around this time. The representation rooms and the castle chapel are located in the octagonal residential tower of the castle. The castle is reached via a stone bridge on which the statues of St. John of Nepomuk and a Jesuit saint are located.
The castle can be visited with two tours. The St. Maurus Shrine is shown on the first tour, while the representative rooms, the library and the castle chapel can be visited on the second tour.
literature
- Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 443.
- Friedrich Bernau: History of the old Beschau Castle near Carlsbad . Carlsbad 1875 ( e-copy ).
