Loket

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Loket
Coat of arms of Loket
Loket (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Karlovarský kraj
District : Sokolov
Area : 2673.2667 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 11 '  N , 12 ° 45'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 11 '9 "  N , 12 ° 45' 13"  E
Height: 427  m nm
Residents : 3,055 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 357 33
License plate : K
traffic
Railway connection: Nové Sedlo u Lokte – Loket
structure
Status: city
Districts: 4th
administration
Mayor : Zdeněk Bednář (as of 2018)
Address: TG Masaryka 1
357 33 Loket
Municipality number: 560537
Website : www.loket.cz
Location of Loket in the Sokolov district
map

Loket ( German  Elbogen ) is a town in Okres Sokolov , Karlovarský kraj , in the Czech Republic . The entire historic old town is under special state protection as a monument reservation. Because of its cityscape, Loket was also often praised as the Bohemian Rothenburg . The city is a traditional destination for spa guests in Karlovy Vary .

geography

Urban area and surroundings

Geographical location

The city lies at an altitude of 470 m above sea level. M. on a granite ridge around which the Eger flows on three sides , hence the name: loket (German elbow ).

City structure

The city consists of the districts Dvory ( courtyards ), Loket ( Elbogen ), Nadlesí ( Nallesgrün ) and Údolí ( Zech ). Basic settlement units are Dvory, Loket, Nadlesí, Nádražní Předměstí, Slavkovské Předměstí, Sokolovské Předměstí and Údolí II.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Dvory u Lokte, Loket, Nadlesí and Údolí u Lokte.

history

Market square with town hall and Marian column
St. Wenceslas Church
Small-scale historical development on the market square

The castle Loket in a prominent place is very old. Probably built at the end of the 12th century, it was mentioned in 1234 as a royal Bohemian border castle. It was probably the administrative center of the Zettlitzer Ländchen since 1227 . In 1227 the place Elbogen was mentioned as "civitas".

In the Middle Ages there was a Mastersing School based on the Nuremberg model.

Elbogen successfully resisted the Hussites . In 1521 the Reformation was introduced and promoted by Count Schlick . The Saxon Colonel Thumshirm invaded Bohemia in 1547 and conquered the city.

From the 15th century until 1848, Elbogen was the seat of the westernmost Bohemian district ( Elbogen District ), which was temporarily added to the ( Saaz District ) from 1714 to 1751 . The pumpernickels produced since 1823 were delivered to the imperial house in Vienna.

In 1836 a chain bridge , one of the first in Bohemia, was built in Elbogen . It spanned the Eger at a height of 22 m. In the 1930s it was replaced by a concrete arch bridge.

After the First World War , Elbogen was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia in 1919 . Of the 3998 inhabitants in 1930, 238 were Czech. Due to the Munich Agreement of 1938 came to place the German Empire and belonged until 1945 to the district Elbogen , Region of Eger , in the Reich District of Sudetenland .

After the Second World War , the German-speaking population was largely expelled . Their property was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the property of the Protestant church was liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 ; the Catholic churches in Czechoslovakia were expropriated .

Surname

The place name goes back both in Czech (Loket) and in German (Elbogen) to the course of the river Eger (Tsch. Ohře) in the place: It reminds of the bend of the human arm with the elbow. In German, the place name has not been adapted to the current spelling, so that the double L that is common today is missing.

Population development

Until 1945 Elbogen was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1785 0k. A. 241 houses
1830 1959 in 265 houses
1846 2409
1857 2857 on October 31st
1869 3257
1880 3298
1890 3744
1900 4438 German residents
1910 4059
1921 3837 including 3,660 Germans
1930 3998 including 238 Czechs
1939 3600
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1950 1961 1 1970 1 1980 1 1991 1 2001 1 2011 1 2019 1
Residents 2255 2595 2037 1833 2989 3202 2978 3055
1 Loket with Dvory, Nadlesí and Údolí

Town twinning

  • Illertissen (Germany) took over the sponsorship for the expellees from Elbogen in 1953 . In the meantime, it has also become a partnership between Illertissen and today's Czech city. Furthermore, since 2015 the cities of Lauf adPegnitz and Loket have been linked by a memorandum for exchange and cultural cooperation.

Culture and sights

The historic city center was declared an urban monument reserve in 1980 .

Museums

  • Bookbinding Museum (in the town hall)
  • Porcelain Museum (in the castle)
  • Prehistoric collection in the city museum, founded by Dr. Anton Gnirs

Buildings

  • Medieval old town
  • Loket Castle
  • City fortifications
  • St. Wenceslas Church
  • Marian column

traffic

As early as 1877, Elbogen received a rail connection to Nové Sedlo u Lokte ( Neusattl ) through the Elbogen Local Railway . In 1901 the line was extended to Krásný Jez ( Schönwehr ) to connect to the Marienbad-Karlsbad line. Since 1996 only the connection to Nové Sedlo has been operated, where there is a connection to the trains of the main line Chomutov – Cheb .

Trivia

In 2006, scenes for the James Bond film Casino Royale were filmed in Loket's market square .

The city center, the bridge and the parking lot near the castle served as the backdrop for the film T-34 in 2017 .

Parts of the first season of the TV series Genius about Albert Einstein were filmed here, as well as numerous commercials.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Famous guests

  • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , coming from Karlsbad, stayed several times in Elbogen and remarked: “It is beautiful beyond description and can be viewed from all angles as a work of art.” In 1823 he celebrated with Ulrike von Levetzow in the Schwarzenberg-Lusthaus (today “Hotel White Horse ”; Czech: Bílý kůň) his 74th birthday. A picture of this encounter can be found in Elbogen Castle and in the hotel restaurant.
  • Carl Spitzweg wrote in his diary in 1849: "The river runs there like in Wasserburg , which surrounds the city to the peninsula".

Other personalities

literature

in reverse chronological order
  • Elbogen (encyclopedia entry). In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition, Volume 4, Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 597 .
  • Franz Heisinger: The city of Elbogen and the gentlemen of Schlick . In: Annual report of the Oberrealschule and Unterrealgymnasium in Elbogen, published at the end of the school year 1870 . Prague 1870, pp. 3-21 .
  • Anton Prokop Schmitt: History of the private rifle company to Elbogen . Elbogen 1869 ( e-copy ).
  • Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 15: Elbogen Circle . Prague 1847, p. 1 ff .

Web links

Commons : Loket  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. http://www.uir.cz/obec/560537/Loket
  2. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/560537/Obec-Loket
  4. http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/560537/Obec-Loket
  5. http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/560537/Obec-Loket
  6. https://www.dwds.de/wb/Ellenbogen
  7. Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Ellbogner Kreis , Prague 1785, pp. 4-19 .
  8. Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature. Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 199, item 7).
  9. Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 15: Elbogner Kreis , Prague 1847, p. 3.
  10. Statistical overviews of the population and livestock in Austria . Vienna 1859, p. 39, right column .
  11. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 5, Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 597 .
  12. ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
  13. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Elbogen district (Czech: Loket). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  14. Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869–2015. (PDF) Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on March 8, 2016 (Czech).
  15. James Bond Locations: Montenegro village / Loket, Czech Republic. In: jamesbondlocations.blogspot.de. Retrieved September 1, 2016 .
  16. ^ The film "T-34" in Belgium on the website of the Russian Center for Science and Culture in Brussels
  17. VIDEO: Loket se mění v německé město, filmaři dovezli na náměstí tanky on www.idnes.cz , May 12, 2017