Loket
Loket | ||||
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Basic data | ||||
State : | Czech Republic | |||
Region : | Karlovarský kraj | |||
District : | Sokolov | |||
Area : | 2673.2667 ha | |||
Geographic location : | 50 ° 11 ' N , 12 ° 45' E | |||
Height: | 427 m nm | |||
Residents : | 3,055 (Jan 1, 2019) | |||
Postal code : | 357 33 | |||
License plate : | K | |||
traffic | ||||
Railway connection: | Nové Sedlo u Lokte – Loket | |||
structure | ||||
Status: | city | |||
Districts: | 4th | |||
administration | ||||
Mayor : | Zdeněk Bednář (as of 2018) | |||
Address: | TG Masaryka 1 357 33 Loket |
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Municipality number: | 560537 | |||
Website : | www.loket.cz | |||
Location of Loket in the Sokolov district | ||||
Loket ( German Elbogen ) is a town in Okres Sokolov , Karlovarský kraj , in the Czech Republic . The entire historic old town is under special state protection as a monument reservation. Because of its cityscape, Loket was also often praised as the Bohemian Rothenburg . The city is a traditional destination for spa guests in Karlovy Vary .
geography
Geographical location
The city lies at an altitude of 470 m above sea level. M. on a granite ridge around which the Eger flows on three sides , hence the name: loket (German elbow ).
City structure
The city consists of the districts Dvory ( courtyards ), Loket ( Elbogen ), Nadlesí ( Nallesgrün ) and Údolí ( Zech ). Basic settlement units are Dvory, Loket, Nadlesí, Nádražní Předměstí, Slavkovské Předměstí, Sokolovské Předměstí and Údolí II.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Dvory u Lokte, Loket, Nadlesí and Údolí u Lokte.
history
The castle Loket in a prominent place is very old. Probably built at the end of the 12th century, it was mentioned in 1234 as a royal Bohemian border castle. It was probably the administrative center of the Zettlitzer Ländchen since 1227 . In 1227 the place Elbogen was mentioned as "civitas".
In the Middle Ages there was a Mastersing School based on the Nuremberg model.
Elbogen successfully resisted the Hussites . In 1521 the Reformation was introduced and promoted by Count Schlick . The Saxon Colonel Thumshirm invaded Bohemia in 1547 and conquered the city.
From the 15th century until 1848, Elbogen was the seat of the westernmost Bohemian district ( Elbogen District ), which was temporarily added to the ( Saaz District ) from 1714 to 1751 . The pumpernickels produced since 1823 were delivered to the imperial house in Vienna.
In 1836 a chain bridge , one of the first in Bohemia, was built in Elbogen . It spanned the Eger at a height of 22 m. In the 1930s it was replaced by a concrete arch bridge.
After the First World War , Elbogen was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia in 1919 . Of the 3998 inhabitants in 1930, 238 were Czech. Due to the Munich Agreement of 1938 came to place the German Empire and belonged until 1945 to the district Elbogen , Region of Eger , in the Reich District of Sudetenland .
After the Second World War , the German-speaking population was largely expelled . Their property was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the property of the Protestant church was liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 ; the Catholic churches in Czechoslovakia were expropriated .
Surname
The place name goes back both in Czech (Loket) and in German (Elbogen) to the course of the river Eger (Tsch. Ohře) in the place: It reminds of the bend of the human arm with the elbow. In German, the place name has not been adapted to the current spelling, so that the double L that is common today is missing.
Population development
Until 1945 Elbogen was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.
year | Residents | Remarks |
---|---|---|
1785 | k. A. | 241 houses |
1830 | 1959 | in 265 houses |
1846 | 2409 | |
1857 | 2857 | on October 31st |
1869 | 3257 | |
1880 | 3298 | |
1890 | 3744 | |
1900 | 4438 | German residents |
1910 | 4059 | |
1921 | 3837 | including 3,660 Germans |
1930 | 3998 | including 238 Czechs |
1939 | 3600 |
year | 1950 | 1961 1 | 1970 1 | 1980 1 | 1991 1 | 2001 1 | 2011 1 | 2019 1 |
Residents | 2255 | 2595 | 2037 | 1833 | 2989 | 3202 | 2978 | 3055 |
Town twinning
- Illertissen (Germany) took over the sponsorship for the expellees from Elbogen in 1953 . In the meantime, it has also become a partnership between Illertissen and today's Czech city. Furthermore, since 2015 the cities of Lauf adPegnitz and Loket have been linked by a memorandum for exchange and cultural cooperation.
Culture and sights
The historic city center was declared an urban monument reserve in 1980 .
Museums
- Bookbinding Museum (in the town hall)
- Porcelain Museum (in the castle)
- Prehistoric collection in the city museum, founded by Dr. Anton Gnirs
Buildings
- Medieval old town
- Loket Castle
- City fortifications
- St. Wenceslas Church
- Marian column
traffic
As early as 1877, Elbogen received a rail connection to Nové Sedlo u Lokte ( Neusattl ) through the Elbogen Local Railway . In 1901 the line was extended to Krásný Jez ( Schönwehr ) to connect to the Marienbad-Karlsbad line. Since 1996 only the connection to Nové Sedlo has been operated, where there is a connection to the trains of the main line Chomutov – Cheb .
Trivia
In 2006, scenes for the James Bond film Casino Royale were filmed in Loket's market square .
The city center, the bridge and the parking lot near the castle served as the backdrop for the film T-34 in 2017 .
Parts of the first season of the TV series Genius about Albert Einstein were filmed here, as well as numerous commercials.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Hans Höfer von Heimhalt (1843–1924), mining geologist
- Ferdinand Pfohl (1862–1949), music writer and composer
- Wolfgang von Schwind (1879–1949), singer and actor
- Hans Matschak (1901–1979), engineer
- Wolfgang M. Fischer (1932-2007), physician
- Widmar Hader (* 1941), composer
Famous guests
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , coming from Karlsbad, stayed several times in Elbogen and remarked: “It is beautiful beyond description and can be viewed from all angles as a work of art.” In 1823 he celebrated with Ulrike von Levetzow in the Schwarzenberg-Lusthaus (today “Hotel White Horse ”; Czech: Bílý kůň) his 74th birthday. A picture of this encounter can be found in Elbogen Castle and in the hotel restaurant.
- Carl Spitzweg wrote in his diary in 1849: "The river runs there like in Wasserburg , which surrounds the city to the peninsula".
Other personalities
- Charles IV (1316–1378), Roman-German Emperor, spent two years of his youth in Elbogen.
- Georg Popel von Lobkowicz (1551–1607), nobleman and politician
- Silvestr Maria Braito (1898–1962), Catholic priest and publicist, spent his youth in Elbogen.
literature
- in reverse chronological order
- Elbogen (encyclopedia entry). In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition, Volume 4, Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 597 .
- Franz Heisinger: The city of Elbogen and the gentlemen of Schlick . In: Annual report of the Oberrealschule and Unterrealgymnasium in Elbogen, published at the end of the school year 1870 . Prague 1870, pp. 3-21 .
- Anton Prokop Schmitt: History of the private rifle company to Elbogen . Elbogen 1869 ( e-copy ).
- Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 15: Elbogen Circle . Prague 1847, p. 1 ff .
Web links
- Official website of the city (Czech / German / English)
- History and sights of the city
- Aerial views of the city
- Find Loket
- City fortification Loket on Burgenwelt.org (German)
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/560537/Loket
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/560537/Obec-Loket
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/560537/Obec-Loket
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/560537/Obec-Loket
- ↑ https://www.dwds.de/wb/Ellenbogen
- ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Ellbogner Kreis , Prague 1785, pp. 4-19 .
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature. Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 199, item 7).
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 15: Elbogner Kreis , Prague 1847, p. 3.
- ↑ Statistical overviews of the population and livestock in Austria . Vienna 1859, p. 39, right column .
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 5, Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 597 .
- ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Elbogen district (Czech: Loket). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869–2015. (PDF) Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on March 8, 2016 (Czech).
- ↑ James Bond Locations: Montenegro village / Loket, Czech Republic. In: jamesbondlocations.blogspot.de. Retrieved September 1, 2016 .
- ^ The film "T-34" in Belgium on the website of the Russian Center for Science and Culture in Brussels
- ↑ VIDEO: Loket se mění v německé město, filmaři dovezli na náměstí tanky on www.idnes.cz , May 12, 2017