Chodov

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Chodov
Chodov coat of arms
Chodov (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Karlovarský kraj
District : Sokolov
Area : 1426.0114 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 14 '  N , 12 ° 45'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 14 '29 "  N , 12 ° 44' 38"  E
Height: 418  m nm
Residents : 13,394 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 357 35
License plate : K
traffic
Railway connection: Chomutov – Cheb
Chodov – Nejdek
structure
Status: city
Districts: 2
administration
Mayor : Patrik Pizinger (as of: 2018)
Address: Komenského 1077
357 35 Chodov u Karlových Varů 1
Municipality number: 560383
Website : www.mestochodov.cz
Location of Chodov in the Sokolov district
map

Chodov (German Chodau ) is a town in Okres Sokolov in the Czech Republic on the border with Okres Karlovy Vary .

geography

Geographical location

The city is located in western Bohemia on the Chodaubach . The distance to the cities of Sokolov (German Falkenau an der Eger ) and Karlovy Vary (German Karlsbad ) is about 12 km each.

City structure

The town of Chodov consists of the districts Chodov ( Chodau ) and Stará Chodovská ( stilt green ). Basic settlement units are Chodov-nad stadionem, Chodovská, K Vintířovu-Nový Chranišov ( Neugranesau ), Průmyslový obvod-jih, Průmyslový obvod-sever, Sídliště-sever, Sídliště-sever, Sídliště-sever, Sídliště-stý, Sídliště-střed, Chodnádka sídlištěm and Železný Dvůr.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Dolní Chodov ( Lower Chodov ) and Stará Chodovská ( Upper Chodov ).

history

Chodau is one of the places with the oldest historical records in the Sokolov region . At the end of the 12th century it was one of the places in the extensive manor of the Waldsassen monastery , which extended to western Bohemia . In 1348 the monastery property was sold to Wernher von Kinsberg. Since the Hussite Wars, Chodau was the eponymous ancestral seat of the Bohemian nobility of the Hi (e) serle von Chodau (Hyserle z Chodow, Hysrle z Chodowa, Iserle z Choduw), the same coat of arms with the Rauschengrüner von Aich, the Winkler von Künsperg and the von Plitzedstein and the von Plitzstein (z Tiesseticz), from which Maximiliane Hiserle von Chodau , the lover of the Saxon Elector Augustus the Strong, comes.

At the beginning of the 16th century the village was divided into Lower and Upper Chodau, which formed separate administrative units until the 19th century. Until the Thirty Years' War, Lower Chodau belonged to the Elbogen rule and Upper Chodau belonged to the Lords of Unruher. After the Battle of the White Mountain, Unter-Chodau came to the Knights Flamm von Plankenheim. In 1699 they came into the possession of Ober-Chodau. After the death of Franz Flamm von Plankenheim in 1732, the village was again divided among his heir-daughters. Maria Anna married Braun from Braunsdorf Ober-Chodau and Anna Barbara married Neßlinger from Schelchengraben Unter-Chodau.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Lower Chodau fell back to the rule of Elbogen. In 1798, Joseph Gareiß, Mathes Kinhackl, Johann Adam Fischer and Johann Achtner jointly bought Ober-Chodau from the Braun von Braunsdorf family. In 1800 the owner was Johann Adam Nonner, who ceded it to Franz Anton Sieber in 1804. In 1806 it belonged to Franz Karl von Zedwitz and in 1819 Anton von Elsenwanger. After Joseph Anton Stark and his wife Josepha geb. Korb von Weidenheim owned it, Friedrich Ritter von Neupauer bought it on March 27, 1847. After the abolition of patrimonial Chodau was incorporated into the Elbogen District Office.

In 1810 Franz Miessl, former director of the Littmitzer sulfur and vitriol works and owner of coal mines in Doglasgrün , founded a porcelain factory in Unter-Chodau with permission in 1811. From 1830–1834, the chief painter Franz Weiss from Gießhübel near Luditz leased the factory; in 1834 Miessl sold the factory to the owners of the Einsiedl coal mine near Marienbad, Johann Dietl, Johann Hüttner and Johann Schreyer. In 1845 it was sold to the industrialists Moses Porges Edler von Portheim (1781–1870) and his brother Juda Leopold Porges Edler von Portheim (1785–1869), who handed the factory over to the sons of the former, Ignaz and Gustav, to whom the company was granted great economic boom came. In 1871 Georg Haas von Hasenfels bought the porcelain factory in Chodau from the neighboring Schlaggenwald. The production of porcelain has survived to the present under new company names.

Chodau became a market town in 1860. By decree of Emperor Franz Joseph I on September 30, 1894, it was declared a city and in 1895 received the city coat of arms.

Chodau, which used to be dominated by agriculture, changed its appearance significantly in the period of industrialization , when rich mineral resources, especially coal and ceramic earth, were mined in the area. Lignite mining has developed since the end of the 18th century and porcelain production since 1810 . Mechanical engineering, construction and glass blowing contributed to the further development of the city of Chodau . By the beginning of the 19th century Chodau was transformed into an economic center of the industrial area between Falkenau an der Eger and Karlsbad with a rich social and cultural life.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War 1914-1918 was Czechoslovakia . They claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia for themselves, although their residents pleaded for them to remain with German Austria (later Austria ). The Treaty of Saint-Germain ruled in favor of Czechoslovakia. With that Chodau fell to the new state.

After the Munich Agreement , the place came to the German Reich and until 1945 belonged to the district of Elbogen , administrative district of Eger , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland .

After the end of the Second World War , the German-speaking population was expelled . Her property was confiscated by Beneš Decree 108 and the Catholic Churches were expropriated during the communist era 1948–1989 . The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated property. 1945/1946 brought changes to the composition of the Chodov residents. Czechs, Slovaks and members of other nationalities took the place of the expelled Germans.

The town of Waldsassen in Upper Palatinate has taken on the sponsorship of the expellees from Chodau. Since 2004 there has also been a town partnership with Oelsnitz / Erzgeb. that is lived with diverse cultural exchange. An example of this is the leaded glass window in the council chamber of the Chodov town hall, which the graphic artist Klaus Hirsch designed as a symbol for the town twinning Chodov-Oelsnitz and Chodov-Waldsassen in 2014. In addition, in Oelsnitz / Erzgeb. a replica of the figure of Mary from Chodov in the form of a new Marian column was inaugurated as part of the State Garden Show 2015

Population development

Until 1945 Chodau was mostly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1847 0699 in 99 houses, including one Protestant and five Israelite families
1900 5,383 German residents
1921 5,328 thereof 5,154 (95%) Germans
1930 5,961 184 (3%) of them are Czechs
1939 5,480
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1970 1980 1991 2001 2003 2011 2017
Residents 11 798 14 704 14 929 14 687 14 454 14 247 13 671

Town twinning

Catholic parish church Sankt Laurentius
Virgin Mary statue from 1675
Protestant Church

Culture and sights

sons and daughters of the town

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/560383/Chodov
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/560383/Obec-Chodov
  4. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/560383/Obec-Chodov
  5. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/560383/Obec-Chodov
  6. ^ Procházka novel : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families. Degener, Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, ISBN 3-7686-5002-2 , p. 113 ff.
  7. ↑ Vincent Prökl: Eger and Egerlandstraße, historical, statistical and topographically shown . Printed by Müller & Weiser, 1877 ( google.de [accessed April 21, 2020]).
  8. ↑ Elbogner Kreis: 15 . Ehrlich, 1847 ( google.de [accessed April 23, 2020]).
  9. ↑ Ferdinand Seibt , Hans Lemberg , Helmut Slapnicka (ed.): Biographical Lexicon for the History of the Bohemian Countries. Volume 3: N - Sch. Published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum . Oldenbourg, Munich a. a. 2000, ISBN 3-486-55973-7 , pp. 285 f.
  10. ^ Josef Weinmann: Egerländer Biographical Lexicon . With selected people from the former administrative district of Eger. Volume 1: A - M. Weinmann, Männedorf / ZH 1985, ISBN 3-922808-12-3 , p. 352; Hans Meyer: Bohemian porcelain and earthenware. Hiersemann, Leipzig 1927.
  11. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
  12. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 15: Elbogner Kreis , Prague 1847, pp. 14–15, item 8).
  13. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 4, Leipzig and Vienna 1906, p. 85.
  14. ^ Ernst Pfohl: Ortlexikon Sudetenland. Helmut Preußler Verlag-Nürnberg. 1987. Page 80. ISBN 3-925362-47-9
  15. ^ Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland Lexikon Volume 4, Page 101. Adam Kraft Verlag, 1985. ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 .
  16. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Elbogen district (Czech: Loket). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  17. ↑ Czech population statistics