Lipnice (Vintířov)

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Lipnice
Lipnice does not have a coat of arms
Lipnice (Vintířov) (Czech Republic)
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Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Karlovarský kraj
District : Sokolov
Municipality : Vintířov
Area : 564.2 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 14 '  N , 12 ° 40'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 13 '57 "  N , 12 ° 40' 12"  E
Height: 470  m nm
Residents : 0 (1972)

Lipnice (German Littmitz , also Litmitz ) is a desert in the Czech Republic . It is located in the corridors of the Vintířov municipality in Okres Sokolov .

Geography and economics

Lipnice was at an altitude of about 470 m above sea ​​level on the trout stream. The place was at the transition from the western Ore Mountains to the undulating plain of the Falkenauer Basin ( Sokolovská pánev ), about 13 kilometers as the crow flies west of Karlsbad ( Karlovy Vary ) and a good seven kilometers northwest of Elbogen ( Loket ), which lies on the Eger ( Ohře ) .

On the eve of the First World War, Littmitz had about 1050 inhabitants, including about 80 Czechs, otherwise Germans. At that time there was a four-class school here, a church was not consecrated until 1937. In the area were ferrous sulphate , tungsten and lignite promoted. In the village there was a company that produced clay dishes, a paint factory and two mills. The town's brewery was located in the 19th century successor building to a 16th century castle.

history

High Middle Ages

The name Littmitz indicates residents of Slavic descent when the area was settled. The place was probably founded before the 12th century and settled in the 13th century by Germans who had been invited to settle by King Ottokar II of Bohemia . This settlement was a part of the medieval German east settlement , which in turn is to be regarded as part of a large area of ​​Europe extensive expansion and intensification of settlement and land use areas with the help of the moving population. In Littmitz and in the Elbogen area in general, the Slavic population was assimilated to the numerically larger group of German settlers in the course of the 13th century.

By the end of the 19th century

Littmitz was accepted into the fiefdom of the royal Elbogen Castle . Until 1719 Littmitz was mostly owned by changing, feudal landlords of the lower and middle nobility ( Vorreiter , Vitzthum , Leutendorf , Nostitz ). In the 16th century the lords of Vitzthum held the place, from which the city of Elbogen bought it in 1592. After the suppression of the Bohemian uprising in 1621, the lands were confiscated - primarily for religious reasons - and handed over to Gottfried Heinrich Hertl von Leutensdorf in 1623. In 1644, Count Johann Hartwig von Nostitz acquired the settlement, whose descendants sold it back to Elbogen in 1719.

In the middle of the 17th century there was a castle in Littmitz that belonged to Count Nostitz and probably had the character of a hunting lodge with an administrative seat for the official and captain of Littmitz. The Meierhof with a brewery and a manorial sheep farm was also assigned to this. In 1651 there were 15 farmers, a blacksmith, a miller and a shingle maker, a total of 103 inhabitants.

From 1719 until 1850 Littmitz belonged to the city of Elbogen, which had the town run by an administrator. Land was leased to the residents and later sold. In 1850 Littmitz became an independent municipality, which was changed in the course of the 19th century by mining ( pebbles and lignite) from a predominantly agricultural to an industrial community (workers 'farmers' community). Ecclesiastically, Littmitz still belonged to the municipality of Lanz ( Lomnice in Czech ). In the second half of the 19th century, Littmitz experienced numerous immigration of workers. The community grew from 450 inhabitants in 1850 to 1042 inhabitants in 1910. Czechs have also been among the immigrants since 1895.

Lipnice in the 20th century

The First World War marked a major turning point in the social development of Littmitz as a result of the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy , to which Bohemia belonged, and the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic . The influx of Czechs to Littmitz increased. Their share of the population was 8 percent in 1921 - an above-average share compared to the whole of the Egerland (around 5 percent), but smaller than the share of Czechs in the entire Sudeten area (around 14 percent of a total of around three million inhabitants; not including the areas of Brno ( Brno ), Iglau (Jihlava) and Budweis (České Budějovice)), which essentially extends to the peripheral areas of Bohemia, Moravia and Moravian-Silesia . The proportion of the Czech population of Littmitz did not change until 1938, when the Sudetenland and thus Littmitz became part of the German Empire after the Munich Agreement .

With the end of World War II in 1945, the Sudetenland came back to Czechoslovakia. Most Germans were expelled from Lipnice by the Beneš decrees in 1946. About a third of the approximately one thousand inhabitants were not displaced because quite a few miners and skilled workers were exempted from displacement because of the labor demand in Czechoslovakia. The government of Czechoslovakia encouraged the immigration of Czechs to the areas from which Germans had been expelled. However, more and more residents left Lipnice in the 1960s, as the brown coal mine approached the place and the quality of living was impaired as a result. Residents were therefore in the neighboring municipality of 1,971 Vintířov ( wintergreen resettled) and other places, most of the last German Littmitzer were in the Federal Republic of Germany resettle .

The place was completely abandoned due to lignite mining (opencast mining) in the following year and all remnants of the settlement were removed. Five neighboring towns also fell victim to mining: Albernhof ( Alberov ), Grasseth ( Jehličná ), Löwenhof ( Lvov ), Thein ( Týn ) and Waldl ​​( Lesík ). Finally, the municipality of Lipnice was dissolved as a regional authority in 1980 and its area was connected to the neighboring municipality of Vintířov ( Wintersgrün ). Opencast mining in this area had already been stopped four years earlier, in 1976. The place Lipnice was subsequently covered with overburden. The only thing that remains of Lipnice is the cemetery, which was devastated in the 1970s, but was restored as far as possible after the political change in the 1990s.

literature

  • Karl Garreis: From the local history of the municipality of Littmitz . Littmitz 1927. Published in: Elbogener Heimatbrief (Helmut Preußler Verlag Nürnberg), 1927 / 1952–1956.
  • Wilfried Heller : Littmitz - a historical-geographical portrait of a disappeared village in the Egerland (Bohemia) . In: Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft Bundesverband eV, Munich (ed.): Culture letter. Bulletin of the Sudetendeutschen Landsmannschaft , No. 3/2015 , pp. 4–25 (considerably expanded version: Lipnice - a historic-geographic portrait of a vanished village of Cheb region (Bohemia) . In: Historická Geografie , Vol. 42/1. The Institute of History, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 2016, pp. 83–112).
  • Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Dějiny Lipnice . In: Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Obec Vintířov . Sokolov 2007, pp. 59-71.
  • Andreas Wiedemann: "Come with us to build the border region!" Settlement and new structures in the former Sudeten areas 1945–1952 . Food 2007.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ (until 1971; 1972 the settlement was demolished)
  2. ↑ Dieter Pohl, May 8, 2007, on www.zanikleobce.cz and further research
  3. ↑ Wilfried Heller: Littmitz - a historical-geographical portrait of a disappeared village in the Egerland (Bohemia). In: Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft Bundesverband eV, Munich (ed.): Culture letter. Bulletin of the Sudetendeutschen Landsmannschaft, No. 3/2015, pp. 4–25
  4. ↑ Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Dějiny Lipnice (History of Littmitz). In: Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Obec Vintířov (The Wintersgrün Municipality). Sokolov 2007, pp. 59-71; P. 59.
  5. ↑ Karl Garreis: From the history of the community Littmitz . Littmitz 1927. Published in: Elbogener Heimatbrief (Helmut Preußler Verlag Nürnberg), 1927/1952, No. 5.
  6. ↑ Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Dějiny Lipnice [History of Littmitz]. In: Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Obec Vintířov [The Wintersgrün community]. Sokolov 2007, pp. 59-71; P. 60.
  7. ↑ Dieter Pohl, May 8, 2007, at www.zanikleobce.cz , accessed on August 3, 2015 and further research
  8. ↑ Subject index 1651 (State Archives Prague)
  9. ↑ Wilfried Heller (2015): Littmitz - a historical-geographical portrait of a disappeared village ..., p. 15
  10. ^ Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Dějiny Lipnice . In: Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Obec Vintířov . Sokolov 2007, pp. 59-71; P. 66.
  11. ^ Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Dějiny Lipnice . In: Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Obec Vintířov . Sokolov 2007, pp. 59-71; P. 69.
  12. ↑ Andreas Wiedemann: "Come with us to build up the border region!" Settlement and new structures in the former Sudeten areas 1945–1952 . Food 2007.
  13. ↑ Wilfried Heller (2015): Littmitz - a historical-geographical portrait of a disappeared village ..., p. 22.
  14. ↑ Města, obce, samoty a objekty zaniklé nebo částecné zaniklé po roce 1945 ... (cities, towns, villages, hamlets and missing objects after 1945 ...); Accessed June 24, 2015.
  15. ^ Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Dějiny Lipnice. In: Vladimir Vlasák, Elena Vlasáková: Obec Vintířov . Sokolov 2007, pp. 59-71; P. 70f.