Kynšperk nad Ohří
| Kynšperk nad Ohří | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Karlovarský kraj | ||||
| District : | Sokolov | ||||
| Area : | 2331.1951 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 7 ' N , 12 ° 32' E | ||||
| Height: | 431 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 4,789 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 357 51 - 358 01 | ||||
| License plate : | K | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Lázně Kynžvart - Luby | ||||
| Railway connection: | Chomutov - Cheb | ||||
| Next international airport : | Karlovy Vary Airport | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 8th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Tomáš Svoboda (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Jana A. Komenského 221 357 51 Kynšperk nad Ohří |
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| Municipality number: | 560499 | ||||
| Website : | www.kynsperk.cz | ||||
| Location of Kynšperk nad Ohří in the Sokolov district | |||||
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Kynšperk nad Ohří (German Königsberg an der Eger ) is a town in the Okres Sokolov in the Czech Republic .
Geographical location
The town is located in Western Bohemia , 13 kilometers northeast of Cheb ( Eger ), on the northwestern foot of the Imperial Forest , on the right bank of the Eger opposite the mouth of the Libocký Potok ( Leibitschbach ) and is located at the junction Egerbeckens in the Eger Graben . The Chomutov – Cheb railway line runs to the left of the Eger, and the town's train station is in the Dolní Pochlovice district. To the north rises the Drsný vrch ( Mariahilf-Berg , 570 m) with a lookout tower.
City structure
The town of Kynšperk nad Ohri consists of the districts Chotíkov ( Kotigau ), Dolní Pochlovice ( sub Pochlowitz ) Dvorecký ( Krainhof ) Kamenný Dvůr ( Steinhof ), Kynšperk nad Ohri ( Königsberg ad Eger ), Liboc ( Leibitsch ) Štědrá ( Mülln ) and Zlatá ( Golddorf ). Basic settlement units are Chotíkov, Dolní Pochlovice I, Dolní Pochlovice II, Dvorečky, Kamenný Dvůr, Kynšperk nad Ohří, Liboc, Štědrá and Zlatá. Kynšperk nad Ohří also includes the Podlesí ( Ebersfeld ) settlement and the Libavá ( Liebau ) desert .
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Dolní Pochlovice, Chotíkov u Kynšperka nad Ohří, Kamenný Dvůr, Kynšperk nad Ohří, Liboc u Kynšperka nad Ohří, Štědrá u Kynšperka nad Ohřad and Zlatá nad Ohří.
Neighboring communities
Neighboring towns are Dolní Pochlovice and Chlum Svaté Maří ( Maria Kulm ) in the north, Libavské Údolí ( Liebauthal ) in the northeast, Kolová the east, Zlata, Podlesí and Kamenný Dvůr in the southeast, Návrší and Dobroše in the south, Hlínová in the southwest, Mostov ( Mostau ) and Chotíkov in the west and Liboc in the northwest.
history
During the reign of Friedrich Barbarossa over the "Zettlitzer Ländchen" at the end of the 12th century, the ministerial family von Kinsberg came into the country in the wake of the emperor and built Kinsberg Castle. Berthold von Kinsberg from 1187 and Uschalk von Kinsberg from 1194 are recorded as the first owners. Hroznata , who was later beatified, died in 1217 in the dungeon of the lords of the castle.
In 1232 Wenceslaus I granted the Premonstratensian monastery Doxan the privilege of building a city. It was the first traditional city privilege in Bohemia. The city complex, initially wrongly assumed to be in today's city, was found in the 1980s in the Starý zámek (old castle) about 1.5 km to the east. It was an approximately 3 hectare large settlement with regularly distributed pit houses, which made use of the remains of a late Bronze Age fortification. However, this first urban complex soon went under again. Later the town came back to the Bohemian Crown , which it held because of its strategic location. In 1286, Wenceslaus II transferred the church patronage to the Lords of the Cross with the Red Star and thus removed the town from the sphere of influence of the Cistercian monastery Waldsassen . This resulted in a dispute that lasted 25 years, in which the Waldsassen monastery finally lost all claims in 1311. In 1364 Charles IV granted Königsberg city rights and the privilege to build a wooden city fortification. From 1408 the city was pledged to various noble families. From 1437 to 1547 the Lords of Schlick belonged to them . After the relapse to the crown, Ferdinand I pledged Königsberg to Johann Heinrich von Hartenberg in 1547 . In 1551 the Lords of Plauen followed .
With the sale of the city by Rudolf II to his valet Johann Popp in 1596, Königsberg became a submissive city and passed into hereditary property. Four years later, Kaspar the Elder Bellwitz von Nostitz acquired the town. In 1603 the citizens bought themselves free and acquired the rule themselves. The uninhabited castle was demolished as building material. After the Battle of the White Mountain , their property was confiscated to support the Winter King . The city was badly damaged during the Thirty Years War. In 1630, the Metternich-Winneburg-Beilstein family acquired the rulership, including the town. In 1706 parts of Königsberg were destroyed by a city fire; a baroque reconstruction began. In 1726 the Metternich sold the property to Anton Conway of Waterford . Waterford founded a textile factory in the city.
During the War of the Austrian Succession , French troops occupied the city in 1741. A little later Prussian hussars marched in. In 1748 the Counts of Sinzendorf acquired the rule, followed by Josef Anton Mulz von Waldau auf Wallhof and Georg Felix von Strahlfels . The latter sold it to Ernst Fleissner von Wostrowitz in 1817 because of excessive debt . In 1840 Eusebius Haas, a porcelain manufacturer in Schlaggenwald in western Bohemia, bought the Königsberg an der Eger estate and bequeathed it to his son Georg Haas von Hasenfels , who combined and incorporated the Königsberg an der Eger estate with the neighboring Mostau estate , which he already owned Well built up.
After the abolition of patrimonial Königsberg formed a municipality in the district of Falkenau / Falknov from 1850 . In the second half of the 19th century, lignite mining began north of Königsberg. The village of Pochlowitz was demolished and the new villages of Unter Pochlowitz and Ober Pochlowitz were created on both sides of the pit. At the place of the old Pochlowitz there is the flooded open pit Oprám. With the commissioning of the Chomutov – Cheb railway line , the town received a railway connection in 1870. In 1873 a carpentry school opened in Königsberg.
In 1890 there were 3849 people in Königsberg. After the end of the First World War , the Czechoslovakia had been newly created, was created in the 1920s, today's Czech name Kynšperk nad Ohri . In 1930 the city had 5117 inhabitants, of which 4956 were German Bohemia. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, Königsberg was added to the German Reich and until 1945 belonged to the district of Falkenau an der Eger , administrative district of Eger , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland . After the end of World War II , the city returned to Czechoslovakia; the German Bohemians were driven out. In 1947 Kynšperk nad Ohří only had 2045 inhabitants.
Population development
Until 1945, Königsberg an der Eger was predominantly populated by German Bohemians , who were expelled
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1785 | k. A. | 256 houses |
| 1830 | 3298 | in 445 houses |
| 1847 | 3781 | in 446 houses, in 16 houses of which 18 are Jewish families |
| 1900 | 4537 | German residents |
| 1821 | 4794 | 4546 of them are Germans |
| 1930 | 5117 | |
| 1939 | 5234 |
| year | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2003 | 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 5542 | 5095 | 5202 | 5160 | 5085 | 4789 |
Town twinning
- Himmelkron , Germany
Culture and sights
- Parish Church of the Assumption of Mary, Baroque building built by the Order of the Cross between 1712–1731
- Statue of Maria Immaculata, created in 1713, in front of the church
- Zámecký vrch mountain with the stables of the former Kinsberg castle
- Jewish cemetery , laid out in the 17th century; the last burial took place in 1949
- Old Town Hall
- old city gate on Judengasse
- Trinity column, created in 1700 by Wilhelm Felsner from Eger
- Market fountain with a sculpture of St. Florian, built after the town fire of 1706
- Evangelical Church of the Redeemer, neo-romantic building from 1904 based on plans by Eisenlohr and Weigle from Stuttgart
sons and daughters of the town
- Andreas Buberl (1832–1907), military doctor, spa doctor, folklore researcher and honorary citizen of Franzensbad and Eger
- Kaspar Buberl (1832-1892), sculptor in New York
- Hans Buberl (1842–1894), iron constructor, builder of a Danube bridge in Vienna
- Cašpar Hermann (1871–1934), inventor of offset printing
- Ludwig Protz (1894–1927), writer, founder of the German Gymnastics Federation in Czechoslovakia
- Karl Rubner (1901–1988), German politician
- Rudolf Jakubek (1902–1968), German painter and graphic artist
- Erich Adler , also Erich Orlický (1911–1982), Jewish entrepreneur, composer and pianist
- Rudolf Fischer (1910–1971), linguist
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/560499/Kynsperk-nad-Ohri
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/560499/Obec-Kynsperk-nad-Ohri
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/560499/Obec-Kynsperk-nad-Ohri
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/560499/Obec-Kynsperk-nad-Ohri
- ↑ Tomáš Velímský : Archeology and Beginnings of Medieval Cities in Bohemia. In: Heinz-Joachim Vogt (Hrsg.): Archaeological city center research in Saxony. Results - Problems - Perspectives (= work and research reports on the preservation of monuments in Saxony. Supplement 19). Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-326-00572-5 , pp. 121–158, here p. 150 f.
- ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Ellbogner Kreis , Prague 1785, p. 168, item 1) .
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 200, paragraph 14).
- ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 15: Elbogner Kreis , Prague 1847, p. 296.
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 11, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 388, Königsberg 4), lower right column.
- ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Landkreis Falkenau (Czech. Sokolow, formerly Falknov). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Czech population statistics