Doksany Monastery

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Doksany Monastery, aerial photo (2019)
Monastery in Doksany
Doksany Monastery (2008)

The Kloster Doksany (German Doxan ) is a former Premonstratensian - pin in the western part of the village Doksany on an arm of the river Ohře (Eger) at the mouth of the same in the Czech Republic .

history

The Premonstratensian monastery was founded in 1144 by the Bohemian Duke Vladislav II and his wife Gertrud, a daughter of Leopold III. from the house of the Babenbergers . A nun Ida was one of the first nuns who came to Doxan from Kloster Dünnwald in 1143 to establish a new religious community. This monastery in Doxan was subordinate to the Strahov Monastery . The monastery school for daughters of the nobility also attended Agnes , daughter of King Ottokar I , among others . The monastery and school survived the Hussite period, the Thirty Years' War and existed for about 600 years until 1782.

Romanesque crypt

The Doxan Monastery and the Collegiate Church of the Birth of the Virgin Mary were built in the 12th century in the Romanesque style, of which hardly anything has survived, only the crypt and the north portal of the collegiate church. In the second half of the 17th century, the large, comprehensive baroque renovation of the monastery began and is attributed to the architect Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer . After 1709, the builder in Doxan was the art-loving and splendor-loving provost Josef Mika (1669–1733), in 1707 vice-priest of the Strahov monastery (Strachow). The church, provisional building, refectory , sala terrena and most of the old farm buildings and the large Doxaner Park have been preserved to this day.

After the abolition of the Doxan monastery in 1782 by Emperor Josef II , in which 49 sisters still lived at that time, in favor of a religious fund, the buildings were initially used as a military hospital and barracks . Around 1790, the widowed Marie Therese Fürstin Poniatowski , née Kinsky von Wchinitz and Tettau (1740–1806) , leased the building complex and began converting it into a castle, which in 1806 was the construction manager of the nearby fortress and garrison town of Theresienstadt ( Terezín ) kk colonel in the army rank Jakob Baron von Wimmer with the surrounding large estates for sale. From him the castle and rule Doxan came back to the barons and counts Lexa von Aehrenthal. Johann Baptist Freiherr Lexa von Aehrenthal (1777–1845), Obersthoflehensrichter in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, grandfather of Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal (1854–1912), created the model orchards and the park at Gut Doxan as a promoter of fruit tree cultivation in Bohemia.

During the time of Count Lexa von Aehrenthal on Doxan, the order of the Premonstratensian women tried to rebuild a monastery in Doksany at the beginning of the 20th century and several young women went to a formation in the Zwierzyniec monastery near Krakow . However, the order recognized that the planned start-ups would not be successful for various reasons. Therefore, the Premonstratensian Sisters settled on Svatý Kopeček near Olomouc in 1902 . In 1918, after the establishment of Czechoslovakia , the Count Lexa von Aehrenthal fell under the Nobility Repeal Act ; After the land reform they were able to keep the castle and estate Doxan from their large estates. After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the family was expropriated without compensation as belonging to the German Bohemia in the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia .

Monastery church

After that, the property and the chateau in Doksany belonged to the Roudnice nad Labem state estate , which established a seed breeding station. In 1997 the Strahov canonary acquired part of the building and since 1998, after more than 200 years, there has been a convent of Premonstratensian women in Doksany, with women religious who have been living in the monastery again since 2003. Parts of the monastery with its baroque interior and the Romanesque crypt are open to the public. A baroque garden in an English country park surrounds the building.

literature

  • Hans-Ulrich Engel: Castles and palaces in Bohemia. Based on old templates (= castles, palaces, mansions. Vol. 17). 2nd Edition. Wolfgang Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1978, ISBN 3-8035-8013-7 , p. 99, illustration p. 222: Doxan .
  • Joseph Mika: The Glorious Doxan, Or: The royal: Virgin Stifft, The snow-white and highly freed Premonstratensian virgins at Doxan. Schkrochowsky, Leitmeritz 1726, digitized .

Web links

Commons : Doksany Monastery  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Poniatowski family line (from the Ciolek coat of arms). In: Roman von Procházka : Genealogical handbook of extinct noble families. Supplementary volume. Published by the board of the Collegium Carolinum , Research Center for the Bohemian Lands. Degener, Neustadt an der Aisch 1990, ISBN 3-486-54051-3 , p. 112.
  2. ↑ J. Siebmacher's large and general book of arms. Volume 4, Section 9: The Bohemian Nobility. New, fully ordered and richly increased edition. Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg 1886 (Reprographic reprint as: J. Siebmacher's great Wappenbuch. Volume 30: The coats of arms of the Bohemian nobility. Bauer & Raspe, Neustadt an der Aisch 1979, ISBN 3-87947-030-8 , p. 51, coat of arms on plate 38).
  3. ↑ Ferdinand Seibt and a. (Ed.): Biographical lexicon for the history of the Bohemian countries. Volume 1: Heribert Sturm (Ed.): A - H. Published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum . R. Oldenbourg, Munich a. a. 1979, ISBN 3-486-49491-0 , pp. 7-8.
  4. ^ Rudolf Sitka: The places of grace of the Sudetenland. Dedicated in pious reverence to the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Marian Year 1954. Heimatverlag M. Renner, Kempten im Allgäu 1954, pp. 105-109.

Coordinates: 50 ° 27 ′ 19 ″  N , 14 ° 9 ′ 33 ″  E