Svatý Kopeček
| Svatý Kopeček | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Olomoucký kraj | ||||
| District : | Olomouc | ||||
| Municipality : | Olomouc | ||||
| Area : | 201 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 38 ' N , 17 ° 21' E | ||||
| Height: | 382 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 792 (2011) | ||||
| Postal code : | 783 51 | ||||
| License plate : | M. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Chválkovice - Svatý Kopeček | ||||
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Svatý Kopeček , 1959–1990 Kopeček (German Heiligenberg , formerly Heiligberg and Mariendorf ) is a district of the city of Olomouc in the Czech Republic . It is located seven kilometers northeast of Olomouc and belongs to the Okres Olomouc . It was built around the Basilica of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary .
geography
Svatý Kopeček is located at the western foot of the Radíkovská vrchovina ( Radikauer Upland ) above the Upper Moravian Depression ( Hornomoravský úval ). The Svatý kopeček (412 m) rises to the north.
Neighboring towns are Nové Sady and Véska in the north, Radíkov in the northeast, Posluchov and Hlubočky in the east, Lošov in the southeast, Bukovany and Droždín in the south, Samotišky in the west and Tovéř and Dolany in the northwest.
history
Between 1629 and 1633 the Olomouc wine merchant Jan Andrýsek, after long hesitation , kept the promise he had made years earlier in the pilgrimage church of St. Martin on the Lilienberg near Lultsch and had a chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary built on the hill above Droždín. It was consecrated on April 3, 1633 by the auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Olomouc , Philipp Friedrich von Breuner . After completion, Andrýsek bought the Samotišky Hereditary Court. During the Swedish occupation of Olomouc, the chapel on Svatá hora burned down in 1645. After the end of the Thirty Years' War, the founder was able to win over the abbot Frederick II of the Premonstratensian monastery in Hradisko , on whose property the Svatá hora was located, to restore the chapel, which took place between 1650 and 1656. The sharp rise in the number of pilgrims prompted his successor, Abbot Friedrich III. Sedlecius-Sedlák, 1667 for the presentation of the construction of a spacious cathedral on the Svatá hora, to which Bishop Charles II of Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn gave his consent and recommended the imperial builder Giovanni Pietro Tencalla for the execution. After the laying of the foundation stone in 1669, Bishop Karl II. And Abbot Norbert Želecký of Počenice consecrated the pilgrimage church of the Visitation on October 1, 1679 after a ten-year construction period. A house for the 16 clergy required for entertainment and a men's hospital with twelve places were also built. At that time, the church on the Premonstratensian Mountain or Hora premonstrátská was still surrounded by forests.
The beginnings of a small settlement to the east of the pilgrimage church can be traced back to 1705. The registers have been kept in Dolany since that year. The pilgrim house burned down on September 28, 1705, killing 121 people. Over the grave of the victims of the fire disaster, St. Barbara erected a chapel dedicated to her. Between 1720 and 1732 Abbot Benedikt Bönische had the residence built on both sides of the cathedral and the cloister with the chapel of the Virgin Mary built on the back. The plans for this probably come from Domenico Martinelli ; the paintings were created by Baldassare Fontana , the figures are by Georg Anton Heintz and Josef Winterhalder . From the southwest, from the monastery of Hradisko to the Premonstratensian mountain, an avenue of lime trees and figures of saints was laid out. On June 19, 1748, Empress Maria Theresa attended the main pilgrimage at the personal invitation of Abbot Ferdinand Václavík. Since 1771 the place of pilgrimage has been called Svatý Kopeček , Sacer Mons , Heiligenberg , Heiligeberg , Heiligerberg and Heiligberg . In 1784, Abbot Ferdinand was able to raise the status of a small basilica on the grounds that a pilgrimage to Heiligberg offered the same indulgence as a visit to the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore . A little later, in the course of the Josephine reforms, Abbot Ferdinand was announced on August 18, 1784 on his death bed that the Hradisko monastery and the Heiligberg priory would be abolished. The Premonstratensians had to vacate the residence within five months. In April 1785 the monastery church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary was elevated to a parish church for Samotišky, Droždín, Lošov, Posluchov and Radíkov. The pastoral office was exercised by monks from Hradisko until 1821. The settlement behind the place of pilgrimage grew in 1788 through the dissolution of the Meierhof and the parceling of twelve settlers to a village that was called Mariendorf / Svatá Hora . In 1834 Mariendorf had grown to 70 houses and had 397 inhabitants. After a settlement negotiated by Bishop Rudolf with the Austrian Emperor Franz I , the diocese received some goods in 1834, including Svatý Kopeček. He handed the pilgrimage site, which is now in a desolate state, to the abbot of Strahov Monastery , Hieronymus Josef Zeidler. The Strahov Premonstratensians took over the pilgrimage church on November 8, 1846. From 1839 the place name Mariendorf was discontinued and the village was called Svatá Hora / Heiligberg instead . Until the mid-19th century was Svatá Hora always the basic rule Klášterní Hradisko servants.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Svatý Kopeček / Heiligberg 1850 a municipality in the district administration Olomouc. In 1872 the German name Heiligsberg was used and from 1939 Heiligenberg . In 1902 Premonstratensian women also lived on the "Holy Mountain in Olomouc" after trying to rebuild the Doksany monastery . From 1921 the municipality belonged to the Okres Olomouc-venkov. During the fighting for Olomouc, the pilgrimage church caught fire in early May 1945. The fire destroyed the left church tower, but could be extinguished. After the Communists came to power, the monastery was forcibly dissolved in April 1950. In 1952, work began to relocate the Olomouc zoo from Smetanovy sady ( Smetana Gardens ) to Orlí vrch, which is now called Svatý kopeček. The new zoological garden was opened in 1956. In 1950 Svatý Kopeček came to Okres Olomouc-okolí and since its abolition in 1961 the place belongs to Okres Olomouc. Since the place name was offensive to the atheistic rulers, the municipality was renamed Kopeček u Olomouce in 1959 . In 1971 the Radíkov municipality was affiliated to the Kopeček u Olomouce National Local Committee . An observation tower was built on the Orlí vrch in the zoo between 1972 and 1974. In 1974 it was incorporated into Olomouc as the district of Kopeček . After the Velvet Revolution , the place got its old name back in 1990, Svatý Kopeček . The Premonstratensians returned to the residence on February 11, 1990. In 1991 the place had 843 inhabitants. On May 21, 1995 Pope John Paul II visited the pilgrimage church of the Visitation and elevated it to a minor basilica . In 2001 Svatý Kopeček consisted of 203 houses in which 794 people lived. The place is considered a recreation area for the residents of Olomouc.
Attractions
- Two-tower basilica of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, built 1669–1679 according to plans by Giovanni Pietro Tencalla. The statues of St. Augustin, Norbert and Stephan were created by the Olomouc sculptor Franz Zürn in 1680 ; they were reworked by Georg Anton Heintz before 1732 . The figures of the heavenly virtues of faith, hope and love are the work of the sculptor Josef Winterhalder from the year 1731. The high altar made of artificial marble, built in 1729, is attributed to Baldassare Fontana, who also created the stucco on the walls and pillars. The main altarpiece was painted by Johann Spillenberger, the paintings on the side altars by Johann Christoph Handke and Paul Troger .
- Residence, the two-winged building on both sides of the basilica was built from 1720 on the initiative of Abbot Benedikt Bönische. The plans for this probably come from Domenico Martinelli . The north wing was used by the priests, in the south wing, in addition to the rooms for the prior, a representative room was set up for the abbot when he was present. The figures of saints on the cornices were made by Josef Winterhalder in 1739.
- Cloister with the Chapel of the Virgin Mary, completed in 1718 and attributed to Domenico Martinelli
- Chapel of St. Barbara in the old cemetery, it was erected in 1705 on the grave of 121 pilgrims who were burned in the pilgrim house. In 1784 the cemetery around the chapel was built.
- Baroque estate no.91, built in 1744
- Column of St. John of Nepomuk on Sadové náměstí, created between 1740 and 1745 by Georg Anton Heintz
- Olomouc Zoo, founded in 1952
- Svatý Kopeček lookout tower on Svatý kopeček in the zoo grounds, the steel structure was built between 1972 and 1974
- The house of the poet Jiří Wolker , on the single-storey house from the second half of the 19th century there is a memorial plaque with a portrait of Wolker made by Karel Lenhart
Sons and daughters of the place
- Karel Svolinský (1896–1986), painter and graphic artist
- Stanislav Menšík (1912–1970), painter
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/669288/Svaty-Kopecek
- ↑ Místopisný rejstřík obcí českého Slezska a severní Moravy (pp. 605–606) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.2 MB)
- ^ Alfred Hoppe: The Austrian pilgrimage sites, Vienna 1913, St. Norbertus Verlag
